amakuru

1 Porogaramu nyamukuru

1.1Kuzenguruka Udahindagurika

Uburyo bwo kuzenguruka budahindagurika abantu bahura nabwo mu buzima bwa buri munsi bufite imiterere yoroshye kandi bugizwe n'udutsi duto duhurira hamwe dukusanyije. Uburyo bwo kuzenguruka budahindagurika bushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ubudafite alkali n'ubuciriritse, butandukanywa ahanini bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'imiterere y'ibirahure. Kugira ngo hakorwe uburyo bwo kuzenguruka bw'ibirahure bwujuje ibisabwa, umurambararo w'imigozi y'ibirahure ikoreshwa ugomba kuba hagati ya μm 12 na 23. Bitewe n'imiterere yayo, ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu gukora bimwe mu bikoresho bivanze, nko gufunga no gusohora. Kandi ishobora no kubohwa mu myenda yo kuzenguruka, ahanini bitewe n'uko ifite imbaraga zimwe. Byongeye kandi, ahantu ho gukoresha uburyo bwo kuzenguruka budahindagurika na ho ni hanini cyane.

1.1.1Kuzenguruka nta kuzungazunga kugira ngo utembagure

Mu gikorwa cyo gushushanya inshinge za FRP, gusimbuka nta guhindagurika bigomba kugira imiterere ikurikira:

(1) Kubera ko gukata bidasibangana bikenewe mu gukora, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko amashanyarazi adahinduka aboneka mu gihe cyo gukata, ibyo bikaba bisaba imikorere myiza yo gukata.

(2) Nyuma yo gukata, ubudodo bunini bushoboka burakorwa, bityo ubushobozi bwo gukora ubudodo buzaba bwinshi. Ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubudodo mu migozi nyuma yo gukata ni bwinshi.

(3) Nyuma yo gukata, kugira ngo ubudodo busanzwe bupfukirwe neza ku ibumba, ubudodo busanzwe bugomba kuba bufite agapira gakomeye.

(4) Kubera ko bisaba ko byoroshye kuzunguruka neza kugira ngo uzunguruke utubumbe tw'umwuka, bisaba kwinjira muri resin vuba cyane.

(5) Bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye bw'imbunda zitandukanye zikoresha imashini zitera imyuka, kugira ngo zijyane n'imbunda zitandukanye zitera imyuka, menya neza ko ubugari bw'insinga mbisi ari buringaniye.

1.1.2Twistless Roving kuri SMC

SMC, izwi kandi nka sheet molding compound, iboneka ahantu hose mu buzima, nko mu bice bizwi cyane by'imodoka, ubwogero n'intebe zitandukanye zikoresha SMC roving. Mu ikorwa, hari byinshi bisabwa kugira ngo SMC roving ikoreshwe neza. Ni ngombwa kwemeza ko iracagaguritse neza, imiterere myiza yo kudahinduka, ndetse n'ubwoya buke kugira ngo urupapuro rwa SMC rukoreshwe rube rwujuje ibisabwa. Kuri SMC y'amabara, ibisabwa mu roving biratandukanye, kandi bigomba kuba byoroshye kwinjira muri resin ifite ibara ry'irangi. Ubusanzwe, roving isanzwe ya fiberglass SMC ni 2400tex, kandi hari n'igihe runaka iba 4800tex.

1.1.3Kuzenguruka mu buryo budafite imbibi kugira ngo habeho izunguruka

Kugira ngo imiyoboro ya FRP ikoreshwe mu bugari butandukanye, habayeho uburyo bwo kuzunguruka ikigega cyo kubikamo amazi. Kugira ngo izunguruke izunguruke, igomba kugira ibi bikurikira.

(1) Igomba kuba yoroshye kuyifataho kaseti, akenshi imeze nk'ikaseti irambuye.

(2) Kubera ko urujya n'uruza rudahindagurika rushobora kugwa mu ruziga iyo rukuwe kuri bobbin, rugomba kugenzura neza ko rwangiritse neza, kandi ubudodo buvamo ntibushobora kuba umwanda nk'icyari cy'inyoni.

(3) Umuvuduko ntushobora kuba munini cyangwa muto mu buryo butunguranye, kandi ikintu cyo guhagarara kw'inyuma ntigishobora kubaho.

(4) Ubucucike bw'umurongo busabwa kugira ngo umuntu ahinduke adahindagurika ni bumwe kandi buri munsi y'agaciro kagenwe.

(5) Kugira ngo byoroshye kuvoma mu gihe cyo kunyura mu kigega cya resin, ni ngombwa ko amazi yinjira mu gice cyo hejuru cy’amazi aba meza.

1.1.4Kuzenguruka kugira ngo habeho pultrusion

Uburyo bwo gukurura irakoreshwa cyane mu gukora imiterere itandukanye ifite ibice bihoraho. Gukurura irangi bigomba kwemeza ko ubunini bwa fibre y'ikirahure n'imbaraga zayo mu cyerekezo kimwe biri ku rwego rwo hejuru. Gukurura irangi bikoreshwa mu gukora ni uruvange rw'imigozi myinshi ya silk mbisi, kandi imwe ishobora no kuba iraziguye, byombi birashoboka. Ibindi bisabwa mu mikorere bisa n'ibyo gukurura irangi.

1.1.5 Gutembera mu buryo butaziguye mu kuboha

Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, tubona imyenda ya gingham ifite ubunini butandukanye cyangwa imyenda izenguruka mu cyerekezo kimwe, ari na byo bigaragaza ubundi buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kuzenguruka, bukoreshwa mu kuboha. Kuzenguruka bikoreshwa nanone byitwa kuzenguruka mu kuboha. Inyinshi muri izi myenda zigaragara mu buryo bwo gushushanya bwa FRP. Ku kuboha kuzenguruka, ibisabwa bikurikira bigomba kuzuzwa:

(1) Irarinda kwangirika cyane.

(2) Byoroshye gushyiramo kaseti.

(3) Kubera ko ahanini ikoreshwa mu kuboha, hagomba kubaho intambwe yo kumisha mbere yo kuboha.

(4) Ku bijyanye n'ubushyuhe, ahanini byemezwa ko bitashobora kuba binini cyangwa bito bitunguranye, kandi bigomba kuguma hamwe. Kandi byujuje ibisabwa mu bijyanye no kurengaho.

(5) Kwangirika kw'ibintu ni byiza kurushaho.

(6) Biroroshye kwinjiramo resin iyo inyura mu kigega cya resin, bityo ubushobozi bwo kwinjiramo bugomba kuba bwiza.

1.1.6 Gutembera nta kuzunguruka kugira ngo ugere ku ikubitiro

Uburyo bwitwa inzira yo gutegura, muri rusange, ni ugutegura mbere, kandi umusaruro uboneka nyuma y’intambwe zikwiye. Mu gukora, tubanza gukata roving, hanyuma tugatera roving yaciwe kuri roving, aho urushundura rugomba kuba rufite imiterere yagenwe mbere. Hanyuma dutera resin ijyanye n’imiterere. Amaherezo, umusaruro ushushanyije ushyirwa mu ibumba, hanyuma resin igaterwa hanyuma igashyirwamo umuriro kugira ngo ibone umusaruro. Ibisabwa mu mikorere yo gutegura roving mbere bisa n’ibyo gukora roving za jet.

1.2 Igitambaro cyo kuzenguruka mu byuma bikozwe mu ikirahure

Hari imyenda myinshi igendagenda, kandi gingham ni imwe muri zo. Mu buryo bwo gushyiramo FRP mu ntoki, gingham ikoreshwa cyane nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi. Niba ushaka kongera imbaraga za gingham, ugomba guhindura icyerekezo cy'imyenda, ishobora guhindurwamo gingham igana mu cyerekezo kimwe. Kugira ngo harebwe ubwiza bw'imyenda ifite imigozi, ibi bikurikira bigomba kwemezwa.

(1) Ku mwenda, ugomba kuba ugororotse wose uko wakabaye, nta bibyimba, impande n'imfuruka bigomba kuba bigororotse, kandi nta bisebe byanduye bigomba kubaho.

(2) Uburebure, ubugari, ubwiza, uburemere n'ubucucike bw'imyenda bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa.

(3) Uduce tw'ibirahuri tugomba kuzingirwa neza.

(4) Kugira ngo ubashe kwinjira vuba na resin.

(5) Ubushyuhe n'ubukonje by'imyenda iboshywe mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe.

1.3 Umutambara w'ikirahure wa fibre

1.3.1Umushumi w'umugozi uciwe

Banza ukate imigozi y'ikirahure hanyuma uyisuke ku mukandara wateguwe. Hanyuma usukeho agakoresho ko gufunga, ushyushye kugira ngo gashonge, hanyuma ukonjeshe kugira ngo gakomere, hanyuma agakoresho ko gufunga kaciwe. Imigozi yaciwe ikoreshwa mu gushyiramo intoki no mu kuboha utwenda twa SMC. Kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza w'umugozi waciwe, mu gukora, ibisabwa ku mugozi waciwe ni ibi bikurikira.

(1) Umugozi wose waciwe uragororotse kandi uraringaniye.

(2) Utwobo tw'umugozi waciwe ni duto kandi ingano ingana

(4) Kuzuza amahame amwe n'amwe.

(5) Ishobora kuzura vuba na resin.

1.3.2 Umugozi uhoraho

Imigozi y'ikirahure ishyirwa ku mukandara w'urushundura hakurikijwe ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe. Muri rusange, abantu bategeka ko igomba gushyirwa ku gishushanyo cya 8. Hanyuma usukeho kole y'ifu hejuru hanyuma ushyushye kugira ngo ikomere. Imigozi y'urushundura ikomeza iruta cyane imigozi y'urushundura yaciwe mu gushimangira ibikoresho bivanze, ahanini kubera ko imigozi y'ikirahure iri mu migozi y'urushundura ikomeza. Kubera ko irushaho kunoza, yakoreshejwe mu buryo butandukanye.

1.3.3Umutambaro wo hejuru

Gukoresha umugozi wo hejuru nabyo ni ibisanzwe mu buzima bwa buri munsi, nk'urukuta rwa resin rw'ibicuruzwa bya FRP, arirwo rukuta rw'ikirahure kiri hagati ya alkali. Fata urugero rwa FRP, kubera ko umugozi wayo ukozwe mu kirahure kiri hagati ya alkali, bituma FRP idahinduka mu buryo bwa shimi. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko umugozi wo hejuru ari woroshye cyane kandi woroshye, ushobora kwinjiza resin nyinshi, ishobora kugira uruhare rwo kurinda gusa ahubwo inagira uruhare rwiza.

1.3.4Umupira w'urushinge

Umugozi w'urushinge ugabanyijemo ibice bibiri, icyiciro cya mbere ni ugucukura urushinge rw'urushinge rwaciwe. Uburyo bwo gukora buroroshye cyane, banza ukate umugozi w'ikirahure, ingano yawo ni cm 5, uwusuke ku gikoresho cy'ibanze, hanyuma ushyire umugozi ku mukandara w'umukandara, hanyuma utobore urushinge rw'umukandara, bitewe n'ingaruka z'urushinge rw'umukandara. Imigozi itoborwa mu mugozi hanyuma igashoka kugira ngo ikore imiterere y'ibice bitatu. Umugozi watoranijwe ufite ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe kandi ugomba kuba ufite imiterere yoroshye. Ibikoresho by'umugozi w'urushinge bikoreshwa cyane mu gukingira amajwi no mu bikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe hashingiwe ku miterere yabyo. Birumvikana ko ushobora no gukoreshwa muri FRP, ariko ntabwo byamamaye kuko ibicuruzwa byabonetse bifite imbaraga nke kandi bishobora kwangirika. Ubundi bwoko bwitwa umugozi ucukura urushinge, kandi inzira yo kuwukora nayo iroroshye cyane. Ubwa mbere, umugozi ujugunywa ku mugozi wa mesh wateguwe mbere hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyo gutera insinga. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, urushinge rwo kudoda rufatwa kugira ngo rukore imiterere y'umugozi w'ibice bitatu. Mu mashini zikonjesha za thermoplastic z'ibirahure, imigozi y'urushinge ikoreshwa neza.

1.3.5Yadozweumutanda

Imigozi y'ikirahure yaciwe ishobora guhindurwamo imiterere ibiri itandukanye mu burebure runaka binyuze mu kudoda kw'imashini idoda. Iya mbere ni ukuba umugozi ucagaguye, ugasimbura neza umugozi ucagaguye ufatana. Iya kabiri ni umugozi muremure, ugasimbura umugozi ukomeza. Izi ngero ebyiri zitandukanye zifite inyungu rusange. Ntizikoresha kole mu gikorwa cyo kuzigama, zirinda umwanda n'imyanda, kandi zigashimisha abantu mu gushaka kuzigama umutungo no kurengera ibidukikije.

1.4 Insinga zisya

Uburyo bwo gukora fibre isya ibintu biroroshye cyane. Fata uruganda rusya ibintu cyangwa uruganda rw'umupira ushyiremo fibre zaciwe. Gusya no gusya fibre nabyo bifite akamaro kenshi mu gukora. Mu buryo bwo gutera inshinge, fibre isya ibintu ikora nk'ibikoresho bikomeza ibintu, kandi imikorere yayo iba myiza cyane kurusha iyindi fibre. Kugira ngo hirindwe imiyoboro no kunoza uburyo bwo gucika mu gukora ibikoresho byabumbwe n'ibikozwe mu buryo bwa "cast" n'ibikozwe mu buryo bwa "bullet", fibre isya ibintu ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibyuzuza.

1.5 Igitambaro cya Fiberglass

1.5.1Igitambaro cy'ikirahure

Ni iy'ubwoko bw'imyenda y'ibirahuri. Imyenda y'ibirahuri ikorerwa ahantu hatandukanye ifite amahame atandukanye. Mu rwego rw'imyenda y'ibirahuri mu gihugu cyanjye, igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: imyenda y'ibirahuri idafite alkali n'imyenda y'ibirahuri iciriritse. Uburyo imyenda y'ibirahuri ikoreshwa bushobora kuvugwa ko ari bwinshi cyane, kandi umubiri w'ikinyabiziga, igice cy'umubiri, ikigega gisanzwe cyo kubikamo, nibindi bigaragara mu ishusho y'imyenda y'ibirahuri idafite alkali. Ku myenda y'ibirahuri iciriritse, kurwanya ingese ni byiza, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mu gupakira no mu gukora ibikoresho birwanya ingese. Kugira ngo umenye imiterere y'imyenda y'ibirahuri, ni ngombwa cyane guhera ku bintu bine, imiterere y'imyenda ubwayo, imiterere y'imyenda y'ibirahuri, icyerekezo cy'imyenda, icyerekezo cy'imyenda. Mu cyerekezo cy'imyenda, ubucucike bushingiye ku miterere itandukanye y'imyenda n'icyerekezo cy'imyenda. Imiterere y'imyenda ishingiye ku bucucike bw'imyenda ishingiye ku bucucike bw'imyenda n'icyerekezo cy'imyenda. Imiterere y'imyenda ishingiye ku bucucike bw'imyenda n'icyerekezo cy'imyenda.

1.5.2 Riboni y'ikirahure

Riboni y'ikirahure igabanyijemo ibice bibiri, ubwoko bwa mbere ni selvedge, ubwoko bwa kabiri ni selvedge idakozwe mu ruhu, ibohwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'ubudodo busanzwe. Riboni y'ikirahure ishobora gukoreshwa ku bice by'amashanyarazi bisaba imiterere ya dielectric nyinshi. Ibice by'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikomeye cyane.

1.5.3 Igitambaro cy'icyerekezo kimwe

Imyenda ifata icyerekezo kimwe mu buzima bwa buri munsi ibohwa mu budodo bubiri bufite ubunini butandukanye, kandi imyenda ivamo ifite imbaraga nyinshi mu cyerekezo nyamukuru.

1.5.4 Igitambaro gifite imiterere itatu

Igitambaro cy’ibipimo bitatu gitandukanye n’imiterere y’igitambaro cy’indege, gifite ibipimo bitatu, bityo ingaruka zacyo zikaba nziza kuruta fibre rusange. Igikoresho cy’ibipimo bitatu gishyigikiwe n’ibipimo bitatu gifite ibyiza ibindi bikoresho by’ibipimo bitatu bidafite. Kubera ko fibre ifite ibipimo bitatu, ingaruka muri rusange ziba nziza, kandi ubudahangarwa bw’ibyangiritse burushaho gukomera. Uko siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga bigenda bitera imbere, kwiyongera k’ubusabe bwacyo mu kirere, mu modoka no mu mato byatumye iri koranabuhanga rirushaho gukura, none ubu rifite umwanya mu bijyanye na siporo n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi. Ubwoko bw’igitambaro cy’ibipimo bitatu bugabanyijemo ibice bitanu, kandi hari imiterere myinshi. Bigaragara ko umwanya w’iterambere ry’igitambaro cy’ibipimo bitatu ari munini.

1.5.5 Igitambaro gifite ishusho

Imyenda ifite imiterere ikoreshwa mu gukomeza ibikoresho bivanze, kandi imiterere yayo ishingiye ahanini ku miterere y'ikintu kigomba gukomezwa, kandi, kugira ngo habeho kubahiriza ibisabwa, igomba kubohwa ku mashini yabugenewe. Mu gukora, dushobora gukora imiterere ingana cyangwa idahuje ifite imbogamizi nke kandi ifite amahirwe meza.

1.5.6 Igitambaro cy'ibanze gikozwe mu migozi

Gukora umwenda w’ibanze w’umuyoboro na byo biroroshye cyane. Ibice bibiri by’imyenda bishyirwa ahantu hamwe, hanyuma bigahuzwa n’imirongo ihagaze, kandi ibice byayo by’imirongo byemejwe ko ari mpandeshatu cyangwa uruziga rusanzwe.

1.5.7 Igitambaro gikozwe mu ibara rya Fiberglass

Ni umwenda udasanzwe cyane, abantu bawita kandi umugozi uboshye n'umugozi uboshye, ariko si umwenda n'umugozi nkuko tubizi mu buryo busanzwe. Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko hari umwenda uboshye, udaboshye hamwe n'umugozi n'umugozi, ahubwo ufatanye n'umugozi n'umugozi.

1.5.8 Agakoresho ko gukingira indorerwamo za Fiberglass

Uburyo bwo gukora buroroshye cyane. Ubwa mbere, hatoranywa ubudodo bw'ibirahuri, hanyuma bugakorwa mu buryo bw'umuyoboro. Hanyuma, hakurikijwe ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gukingira, ibicuruzwa byifuzwa bikorwa binyuze mu kubisiga resin.

1.6 Uruvange rw'ibirahuri bya fibre

Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'imurikagurisha rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga rya fibre y'ibirahure naryo ryateye imbere cyane, kandi ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya fibre y'ibirahure byagaragaye kuva mu 1970 kugeza ubu. Muri rusange hari ibi bikurikira:

(1) Umugozi uciwe + umugozi udafite aho uboheye + umugozi uciwe

(2) Igitambaro kidatoboye + umugozi ucagaguye

(3) Umugozi uciwe + umugozi uhoraho + umugozi uciwe

(4) Gutembera mu buryo butunguranye + agace k'umwimerere gacagaguye

(5) Fibre ya karuboni ikoresha icyerekezo kimwe + umugozi cyangwa igitambaro cyaciwe

(6) Umufariso wo hejuru + imigozi yaciwe

(7) Igitambaro cy'ikirahure + inkoni y'ikirahure nto cyangwa igitambaro cyo kuzenguruka kimwe + igitambaro cy'ikirahure

1.7 Igitambaro cy'ikirahure kidakozwe mu myenda idafite ubudodo

Iri koranabuhanga ntiryavumbuwe bwa mbere mu gihugu cyanjye. Ikoranabuhanga rya mbere ryakorewe i Burayi. Nyuma, bitewe n’ubwimukira bw’abantu, iri koranabuhanga ryazanywe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Koreya y’Epfo n’ibindi bihugu. Kugira ngo hatezwe imbere iterambere ry’inganda zikora fibre y’ibirahure, igihugu cyanjye cyashinze inganda nyinshi nini kandi gishora imari nyinshi mu gushyiraho imiyoboro myinshi yo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Mu gihugu cyanjye, imitako ikoreshwa mu gusya fibre y’ibirahure igabanyijemo ibice bikurikira:

(1) Umufariso wo gusakara ugira uruhare runini mu kunoza imiterere y'udupira twa asphalt n'udupira twa asphalt dufite amabara, bigatuma tuba twiza cyane.

(2) Umuyoboro w'amazi: Nkuko izina ribivuga, iki gicuruzwa gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro. Kubera ko fibre y'ikirahure irwanya ingese, ishobora kurinda umuyoboro ingese.

(3) Umupira wo hejuru ukoreshwa cyane cyane ku buso bw'ibicuruzwa bya FRP kugira ngo uburinde.

(4) Umupira wometseho ukoreshwa cyane cyane ku nkuta no ku gisenge kuko ushobora gukumira irangi gusaduka. Ushobora gutuma inkuta zirushaho kuba ndende kandi zidakenera kogoshwa imyaka myinshi.

(5) Umupira wo hasi ukoreshwa cyane cyane nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze mu busitani bwa PVC

(6) Tapi; nk'ibikoresho byo gushingiraho muri tapi.

(7) Umupira wa laminate upfutse ku muringa upfutse ku muringa ushobora kongera ubushobozi bwawo bwo gutobora no gucukura.

2 Imikoreshereze yihariye ya fibre y'ikirahure

2.1 Ihame ryo kongera imbaraga rya sima ikoreshwa mu byuma by'ikirahure

Ihame rya sima ikungahaye kuri fibre y'ibirahure risa cyane n'iry'ibikoresho bivanze bya fibre y'ibirahure. Mbere na mbere, kongera fibre y'ibirahure kuri sima, fibre y'ibirahure izihanganira imbaraga z'imbere z'ibikoresho, ku buryo bitinda cyangwa bikabuza kwaguka kw'imiturire mito. Mu gihe cyo gushinga imiturire ya sima, ibikoresho bikora nk'imiturire bizakumira ko imiturire ibaho. Iyo ingaruka z'imiturire zihagije, imiturire ntizashobora kwaguka no kwinjira. Uruhare rwa fibre y'ibirahure muri sima ni imiturire, ishobora gukumira kubyara no kwaguka kw'imiturire. Iyo imiturire ikwirakwira hafi y'imiturire y'ibirahure, fibre y'ibirahure izabuza iterambere ry'imiturire, bityo bigatuma umuturire ufata inzira, kandi mu buryo nk'ubwo, ubuso bwo kwaguka bw'umuturire buziyongera, bityo ingufu zikenewe mu kwangirika nazo ziyongere.

2.2 Uburyo bwo gusenya sima y'ibirahure ikoresheje fibre

Mbere y'uko fibre y'ikirahure icika, imbaraga zo gukurura zikoreshwa ahanini muri sima n'ikirahure. Mu gihe cyo gucika, imbaraga zituruka kuri sima zijya kuri fibre y'ikirahure yegeranye. Iyo imbaraga zo gukurura zikomeje kwiyongera, fibre y'ikirahure izangirika, kandi uburyo bwo kwangirika ni ukwangirika cyane cyane, kwangirika kw'umuvuduko, no kwangirika kw'ikirahure.

2.2.1 Kunanirwa gukata

Imiterere y’isukari iterwa na sima ikoreshwa mu byuma by’ikirahure ihuriweho n’isukari y’ikirahure na sima, kandi imiterere y’isukari izoherezwa muri sima y’ikirahure binyuze muri sima, bityo imiterere y’isukari y’ikirahure izangirika. Ariko, fibre y’ikirahure ifite ibyiza byayo. Ifite uburebure burebure n’agace gato gashobora kurwanya imiterere y’ikirahure, bityo ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imiterere y’ikirahure ni buke.

2.2.2 Kunanirwa k'umuvuduko

Iyo imbaraga zo gukurura za fibre y'ikirahure zirenze urwego runaka, fibre y'ikirahure iracika. Iyo sima icitse, fibre y'ikirahure izaba ndende cyane bitewe no guhindagurika kwa tensile, ingano yayo yo ku ruhande izagabanuka, kandi imbaraga zo gukurura zizacika vuba.

2.2.3 Kwangirika kw'inyuma y'aho umuntu aviriye

Iyo sima imaze gucika, imbaraga zo gukurura za fibre y'ikirahure zizongera cyane, kandi imbaraga zo gukurura zizaba nyinshi kurusha imbaraga ziri hagati ya fibre y'ikirahure na sima, ku buryo fibre y'ikirahure izangirika hanyuma igakurwaho.

2.3 Imiterere yo koroha ya sima ikoresha fibre y'ikirahure

Iyo beto ishyigikiwe ifite umutwaro, umurongo wayo wo gukurura umuvuduko uzagabanywamo ibice bitatu bitandukanye uhereye ku isesengura rya mekanike, nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho. Icyiciro cya mbere: guhindagurika kw'ubushyuhe bibaho mbere kugeza igihe habaye gucikagurika kw'ibanze. Ikintu cy'ingenzi muri iki cyiciro ni uko guhindagurika kwiyongera ku murongo kugeza ku ngingo ya A, igaragaza imbaraga z'ibanze z'ubushyuhe bwa beto ishingiweho mu byuma by'ibirahure. Icyiciro cya kabiri: iyo beto imaze gucikagurika, umutwaro ifite uzimurirwa ku byuma byegeranye kugira ngo bitware, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara bugenwa hakurikijwe fibre y'ibirahure ubwayo n'imbaraga zo gufatana na beto. Ingingo ya B ni imbaraga z'ikirenga z'ubushyuhe bwa fibre y'ibirahure. Icyiciro cya gatatu: kugera ku mbaraga z'ikirenga, fibre y'ibirahure iracikagurika cyangwa irakurwaho, kandi fibre zisigaye zishobora kwihanganira igice cy'umutwaro kugira ngo hatagira gucikagurika kw'ubushyuhe.

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