amakuru

1 Ibyingenzi

1.1Kugenda

Kugenda bidasubirwaho abantu bahura nabyo mubuzima bwa buri munsi bifite imiterere yoroshye kandi igizwe na monofilaments ibangikanye ikusanyirijwe hamwe. Kugenda bidasubirwaho bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: alkali-idafite na alkali-yo hagati, itandukanijwe cyane cyane ukurikije itandukaniro ryibigize ibirahure. Kugirango habeho gukora ibirahuri byujuje ibyangombwa, diameter ya fibre y ibirahuri yakoreshejwe igomba kuba hagati ya 12 na 23 mm. Bitewe nibiranga, irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butaziguye mugukora ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe, nko guhinduranya hamwe na pultrusion. Kandi irashobora kandi kuboha mumyenda igenda, cyane cyane kubera uburemere bwayo bumwe. Mubyongeyeho, umurima wo gushira mu bikorwa ucagaguye nawo ni mugari cyane.

1.1.1Kuzunguruka kuguruka

Muburyo bwo guterwa inshinge za FRP, kugoreka kugoreka bigomba kugira ibintu bikurikira:

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. Imikorere yo gukwirakwiza ingendo mumurongo nyuma yo gukata ni hejuru.

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1.1.2Kugenda kuri SMC

SMC, izwi kandi nk'urupapuro rwerekana impapuro, irashobora kugaragara ahantu hose mubuzima, nkibice bizwi cyane byimodoka, ubwogero ndetse nintebe zitandukanye zikoresha SMC igenda. Mu musaruro, hari byinshi bisabwa kugirango ugendere kuri SMC. Birakenewe kwemeza neza choppiness, imiti myiza ya antistatike, hamwe nubwoya buke kugirango tumenye ko urupapuro rwa SMC rwujuje ibyangombwa. Kuri SMC y'amabara, ibisabwa byo kugenda biratandukanye, kandi bigomba kuba byoroshye kwinjira mubisumizi hamwe nibirimo pigment. Mubisanzwe, fibre isanzwe ya SMC igenda ni 2400tex, kandi hariho nigihe gito aho ari 4800tex.

1.1.3Kugenda bidasubirwaho kugendagenda

Kugirango dukore imiyoboro ya FRP ifite ubunini butandukanye, uburyo bwo kubika ububiko bwo guhinduranya bwabayeho. Kugenda kugendagenda, bigomba kugira ibiranga bikurikira.

(1) Bigomba kuba byoroshye gufata kaseti, mubisanzwe muburyo bwa kaseti.

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(3) Impagarara ntishobora kuba nini cyangwa ntoya, kandi ibintu birenze urugero ntibishobora kubaho.

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1.1.4Kugenda kuri pultrusion

Inzira ya pultrusion ikoreshwa cyane mugukora imyirondoro itandukanye hamwe nibice bihoraho. Kugenda kuri pultrusion bigomba kwemeza ko ibirahuri bya fibre yibirahure n'imbaraga zidafite icyerekezo kiri kurwego rwo hejuru. Kugenda kuri pultrusion ikoreshwa mubikorwa ni uguhuza imirongo myinshi yubudodo bubisi, kandi bimwe bishobora no kuba ibizunguruka, byombi birashoboka. Ibindi bikorwa byayo bisabwa bisa nibyazunguruka.

1.1.5 Kugenda kugoreka kuboha

Mubuzima bwa buri munsi, tubona imyenda ya gingham ifite ubunini butandukanye cyangwa imyenda igenda mucyerekezo kimwe, aribwo buryo bwo gukoresha ubundi buryo bukomeye bwo kugenda, bukoreshwa mububoshyi. Kuzunguruka bikoreshwa nabyo byitwa kugendagenda kuboha. Byinshi muribi bitambaro byerekanwe mumaboko arambuye ya FRP. Kuboha imyenda, ibisabwa bikurikira bigomba kuba byujujwe:

(1) Birasa naho birwanya kwambara.

(2) Biroroshye gufata kaseti.

(3) Kuberako ikoreshwa cyane mububoshyi, hagomba kubaho intambwe yumye mbere yo kuboha.

(4) Kubijyanye no guhagarika umutima, byemezwa cyane ko bidashobora kuba binini cyangwa bito bitunguranye, kandi bigomba guhora ari bimwe. Kandi wuzuze ibintu bimwe na bimwe mubijyanye na overhang.

(5) Gutesha agaciro ni byiza.

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1.1.6 Kuzunguruka kugoreka kuri preform

Ibyo bita preform process, mubisanzwe, ni pre-form, kandi ibicuruzwa biboneka nyuma yintambwe zikwiye. Mu musaruro, tubanza gutema ibizunguruka, hanyuma tugatera ibiti byaciwe kuri net, aho urushundura rugomba kuba urushundura rufite imiterere yabigenewe. Noneho shyira resin kugirango ubone imiterere. Hanyuma, ibicuruzwa byakozwe bishyirwa mubibumbano, hanyuma ibisigarira biraterwa hanyuma bishyushye kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa. Imikorere isabwa kugirango ibanziriza ibishushanyo bisa nibiri mu ndege.

1.2 Umwenda wimyenda yikirahure

Hariho imyenda myinshi igenda, kandi gingham nimwe murimwe. Muburyo bwo gushiraho amaboko ya FRP, gingham ikoreshwa cyane nka substrate yingenzi. Niba ushaka kongera imbaraga za gingham, noneho ugomba guhindura icyerekezo cyogosha nicyerekezo cyigitambara, gishobora guhinduka gingham idafite icyerekezo. Kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwimyenda yagenzuwe, hagomba kubaho ibimenyetso bikurikira.

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(2) Uburebure, ubugari, ubwiza, uburemere n'ubucucike bw'igitambara bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge.

(3) Ibirahuri bya fibre fibre bigomba kuzunguruka neza.

(4) Kugirango ubashe gucengerwa vuba na resin.

(5) Kuma nubushuhe bwimyenda iboshye mubicuruzwa bitandukanye bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa.

1.3 Mat

1.3.1Mat

Banza ukate imigozi yikirahure uyisuke kumukandara wateguwe. Noneho kuminjagira kuri binder, shyushya kugirango ushonge, hanyuma ukonje kugirango ukomere, hanyuma materi yacagaguritse. Amabati ya fibre yaciwe akoreshwa mugikorwa cyo kurambika intoki no mububoshyi bwa SMC. Kugirango ugere ku ngaruka nziza yo gukoresha ya materi yaciwe, mu musaruro, ibisabwa ku matati yaciwe ni ibi bikurikira.

(1) Imyenda yose yacagaguritse iringaniye kandi niyo.

(2) Imyobo ya matel yatemaguwe ni ntoya kandi imwe mubunini

(4) Yujuje amahame amwe.

(5) Irashobora kuzura vuba na resin.

1.3.2 Mat

Ibirahuri by'ibirahure bishyizwe hejuru kumukandara wa mesh ukurikije ibisabwa bimwe. Muri rusange, abantu bavuga ko bagomba gushyirwaho neza ku gishushanyo cya 8. Noneho kuminjagira ifu yometse hejuru hanyuma ubushyuhe kugirango bikire. Imyenda ikomeza iruta kure cyane uduce twacagaguritse mu gushimangira ibikoresho, cyane cyane ko ibirahuri byibirahure mumitambiko ikomeza. Kubera ingaruka nziza zo kuzamura, yakoreshejwe muburyo butandukanye.

1.3.3Ubuso Mat

Gukoresha matel yo hejuru nabyo birasanzwe mubuzima bwa buri munsi, nkibisigarira bya resin yibicuruzwa bya FRP, ni materi yo hagati yikirahure cya alkali. Fata urugero rwa FRP, kuberako materi yubuso bwayo ikozwe mubirahuri bya alkali yo hagati, ituma FRP ihagarara neza. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko materi yo hejuru yoroheje cyane kandi yoroheje, irashobora gukuramo resin nyinshi, idashobora kugira uruhare rukingira gusa ahubwo inagira uruhare rwiza.

1.3.4Mat

Matasi y'urushinge igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri, icyiciro cya mbere cyaciwe fibre inshinge. Ibikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro biroroshye, banza ukate fibre yikirahure, ubunini bungana na cm 5, utabishaka kuminjagira kubintu fatizo, hanyuma ushyire substrate kumukandara wa convoyeur, hanyuma utobore substrate nurushinge rwa crochet, bitewe na Ingaruka y'urushinge rwa crochet, Fibre yacengewe muri substrate hanyuma ikabyutsa gukora imiterere-yimiterere itatu. Byahiswemo substrate nayo ifite ibyo isabwa kandi igomba kugira ibyiyumvo byuzuye. Ibicuruzwa byinshinge bikoreshwa cyane mugukwirakwiza amajwi nibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe bushingiye kumiterere yabyo. Birumvikana ko irashobora no gukoreshwa muri FRP, ariko ntabwo yamenyekanye kuko ibicuruzwa byabonetse bifite imbaraga nke kandi bikunda kumeneka. Ubundi bwoko bwitwa filament ikomeza inshinge-yamenetse, kandi inzira yo kubyara nayo iroroshye. Ubwa mbere, filament ijugunywa ku mukandara wa mesh wateguwe mbere hamwe nigikoresho cyo gutera insinga. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, urushinge rwa crochet rufatwa kugirango acupuncture ikore fibre-fibre-fibre. Mubirahuri bya fibre bishimangira thermoplastique, matel ikomeza inshinge zikoreshwa neza.

1.3.5Kudodamat

Ibirahuri byacagaguye birashobora guhindurwa muburyo bubiri butandukanye muburebure burebure binyuze mubikorwa byo kudoda imashini idoda. Iya mbere nuguhinduka materi yaciwe, isimbuza neza materi-ihujwe na materi. Iya kabiri ni materi maremare, asimbuza matel ikomeza. Ubu buryo bubiri butandukanye bufite inyungu rusange. Ntabwo bakoresha ibifatika mugikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro, birinda umwanda n’imyanda, no guhaza abantu gushakisha umutungo no kurengera ibidukikije.

1.4

Igikorwa cyo gukora fibre yubutaka kiroroshye cyane. Fata urusyo cyangwa inyundo y'umupira hanyuma ushyiremo fibre yaciwe. Gusya no gusya fibre nayo ifite progaramu nyinshi mubikorwa. Muburyo bwo gutera inshinge, fibre yasya ikora nkibikoresho bishimangira, kandi imikorere yayo ni nziza cyane kuruta iyindi fibre. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda gucikamo no kunoza igabanuka mu gukora ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu bicuruzwa kandi bibumbabumbwe, fibre yasya irashobora gukoreshwa nkuzuza.

1.5 Imyenda ya fibre

1.5.1Umwenda w'ikirahure

Ni ubwoko bwimyenda yikirahure. Imyenda y'ibirahuri ikorerwa ahantu hatandukanye ifite ibipimo bitandukanye. Mu rwego rw'imyenda y'ibirahure mu gihugu cyanjye, igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: umwenda w'ikirahure utarimo alkali hamwe n'igitambara cyo hagati cya alkali. Gukoresha imyenda y'ibirahure birashobora kuvugwa ko ari binini cyane, kandi umubiri wikinyabiziga, hull, ikigega rusange kibikwa, nibindi urashobora kubibona mubishusho byimyenda idafite ibirahuri. Ku mwenda w'ikirahuri cya alkali giciriritse, kurwanya ruswa ni byiza, bityo bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibicuruzwa bipfunyika kandi birwanya ruswa. Kugirango umenye ibiranga imyenda ya fibre fibre, birakenewe cyane cyane guhera kumpande enye, imiterere ya fibre ubwayo, imiterere yintambara ya fibre fibre, icyerekezo cyogosha nicyuma hamwe nimyenda. Mu cyerekezo cyintambara no kuboha, ubucucike buterwa nuburyo butandukanye bwimyenda nubudodo. Imiterere yumwenda iterwa nintambara hamwe nubunini bwububiko hamwe nimiterere yikirahure cya fibre.

1.5.2 Ikirahure

Ikirahuri cy'ibirahuri kigabanijwemo cyane mu byiciro bibiri, ubwoko bwa mbere ni selvedge, ubwoko bwa kabiri ni selvedge idoda, ikozwe mu buryo bwo gushushanya. Ibirahuri byikirahure birashobora gukoreshwa mubice byamashanyarazi bisaba ibintu byinshi bya dielectric. Ibikoresho bikomeye byamashanyarazi.

1.5.3 Umwenda umwe

Imyenda idahwitse mubuzima bwa buri munsi ikozwe mubudodo bubiri bwubunini butandukanye, kandi imyenda yavuyemo ifite imbaraga nyinshi mubyerekezo nyamukuru.

1.5.4 Imyenda-itatu

Imyenda-yimyenda itatu itandukanye nimiterere yimyenda yindege, ni iy'ibice bitatu, bityo ingaruka zayo ni nziza kuruta fibre rusange yindege. Ibice bitatu-bya fibre-fonctionnement yibikoresho bifite ibyiza nibindi bikoresho bya fibre-fonctionnement ibikoresho bidafite. Kuberako fibre ifite ibipimo bitatu, ingaruka rusange ni nziza, kandi kurwanya ibyangiritse birakomera. Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, kwiyongera kubisabwa mu kirere, mu modoka no mu bwato byatumye iryo koranabuhanga rirushaho gukura, ndetse ubu rifite n'umwanya mu bijyanye na siporo n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi. Ubwoko bw'imyenda itatu igizwe ahanini mubice bitanu, kandi hariho imiterere myinshi. Birashobora kugaragara ko umwanya witerambere wimyenda itatu-nini ari nini.

1.5.5

Imyenda imeze ikoreshwa mugushimangira ibikoresho, kandi imiterere yabyo biterwa ahanini nuburyo bwikintu kigomba gushimangirwa, kandi, kugirango byemeze ko byubahirizwa, bigomba kuboherwa kumashini yabugenewe. Mu musaruro, turashobora gukora imiterere ihuriweho cyangwa idafite asimetrike ifite aho igarukira kandi ifite ibyiringiro byiza

1.5.6

Guhimba imyenda ya groove nayo iroroshye. Ibice bibiri by'imyenda bishyirwa muburyo bubangikanye, hanyuma bigahuzwa nu murongo uhagaritse uhagaritse, kandi uduce twambukiranya ibice byemezwa ko ari mpandeshatu zisanzwe cyangwa urukiramende.

1.5.7 Fiberglass idoda

Ni umwenda udasanzwe, abantu nabo babyita matelo yububoshyi hamwe nigitambara cyo kuboha, ariko ntabwo ari umwenda nigitambara nkuko tubizi mubisanzwe. Birakwiye ko tuvuga ko hari umwenda udoda, udoda hamwe nintambara hamwe nubudodo, ariko ugasimburana ukundi hamwe nintambara. :

1.5.8

Ibikorwa byo kubyara biroroshye. Ubwa mbere, ibirahuri bimwe bya fibre fibre byatoranijwe, hanyuma bikozwe muburyo bwa tubular. Noneho, ukurikije ibyiciro bitandukanye byateganijwe, ibicuruzwa byifuzwa bikozwe mugusiga amavuta.

1.6 Ikirahure cya fibre

Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryimurikagurisha rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga rya fibre fibre naryo ryateye intambwe igaragara, kandi ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byibirahure byagaragaye kuva 1970 kugeza ubu. Muri rusange hari ibi bikurikira:

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(4) Kuzunguruka bisanzwe + gukata materi yumwimerere

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(6) Ubuso bwa materi + imigozi yaciwe

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1.7 Fibre fibre idoda idoda

Iri koranabuhanga ntabwo ryavumbuwe bwa mbere mu gihugu cyanjye. Ikoranabuhanga rya mbere ryakorewe mu Burayi. Nyuma, kubera kwimuka kwabantu, iryo koranabuhanga ryazanywe muri Amerika, Koreya yepfo no mubindi bihugu. Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zikora ibirahure, igihugu cyanjye cyashinze inganda nini cyane ugereranije n’ishoramari cyane mu gushyiraho imirongo myinshi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. . Mu gihugu cyanjye, ibirahuri bya fibre yuzuye ibirahuri bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bikurikira:

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(2) Imiyoboro y'imiyoboro: Kimwe n'izina, iki gicuruzwa gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro. Kubera ko fibre fibre idashobora kwangirika, irashobora kurinda neza umuyoboro.

(3) Matasi yo hejuru ikoreshwa cyane cyane hejuru yibicuruzwa bya FRP kugirango irinde.

. Irashobora gutuma urukuta ruringaniza kandi ntirukeneye gutemwa imyaka myinshi.

(5) Igorofa yo hasi ikoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho fatizo muri etage ya PVC

(6) Mat; nkibikoresho fatizo mubitambaro.

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2 Porogaramu yihariye ya fibre fibre

2.1 Gushimangira ihame rya fibre fibre ikozwe neza

Ihame rya fibre fibre fer ya beto irasa cyane niy'ibirahuri bya fibre bishimangira ibikoresho. Mbere ya byose, wongeyeho ibirahuri by'ibirahuri kuri beto, fibre yikirahure izagira impungenge zimbere yibikoresho, kugirango bitinde cyangwa birinde kwaguka kwa micro-crack. Mugihe cyo gushiraho ibice bifatika, ibikoresho bikora nkigiteranyo bizarinda kubaho kumeneka. Niba igiteranyo rusange ari cyiza bihagije, ibice ntibishobora kwaguka no kwinjira. Uruhare rwa fibre fibre muri beto ni rusange, irashobora gukumira neza kubyara no kwaguka. Iyo igikoma kimaze gukwirakwira hafi ya fibre yikirahure, fibre yikirahure izabuza iterambere ryikigina, bityo guhatira igikoma gufata inzira, kandi, na none, ahantu hagari ho kwaguka haziyongera, bityo ingufu zisabwa kugirango ibyangiritse nabyo biziyongera.

2.2 Uburyo bwo gusenya fibre fibre ikozwe neza

Mbere yuko fibre yikirahure ishimangira beto ivunika, imbaraga zingana zifite cyane cyane zisangirwa na beto na fibre yikirahure. Mugihe cyo guturika, imihangayiko izanduzwa kuva kuri beto kugeza kuri fibre yegeranye. Niba imbaraga za tensile zikomeje kwiyongera, fibre yikirahure izangirika, kandi uburyo bwo kwangirika ahanini ni ibyangiritse, ibyangiritse, hamwe no kwangirika.

2.2.1

Imyitwarire yimyenda itwarwa nikirahure cya fibre fer isangiwe na fibre yikirahure na beto, kandi guhagarika umutima bizashyikirizwa fibre yikirahure binyuze muri beto, kugirango imiterere yibirahure byangiritse. Nyamara, fibre yibirahure ifite ibyiza byayo. Ifite uburebure burebure hamwe n’ahantu hato ho guhangana nogosha, bityo rero kunoza imishwarara yimyenda yikirahure ni ntege.

2.2.2 Kunanirwa

Iyo imbaraga zingana za fibre yikirahure irenze urwego runaka, fibre yikirahure izacika. Niba beto yamenetse, fibre yikirahure izaba ndende cyane kubera guhindagurika gukabije, ingano yacyo izagabanuka, kandi imbaraga za tensile zizacika vuba.

2.2.3

Iyo beto imaze kumeneka, imbaraga zingana za fibre yikirahure zizamurwa cyane, kandi imbaraga zingana zizaba nyinshi kuruta imbaraga ziri hagati yikirahure na beto, kugirango fibre yikirahure yangiritse hanyuma ikurwe.

2.3 Imiterere yimiterere yibirahuri fibre ikomeza beto

Iyo beto ishimangiwe yikoreye umutwaro, umurongo wacyo uhangayikishije uzagabanywa mubice bitatu bitandukanye uhereye kubisesengura ryubukanishi, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo. Icyiciro cya mbere: guhindagurika kwa elastique bibaho mbere kugeza igihe ibice byambere bibaye. Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga iki cyiciro nuko deformasiyo yiyongera kumurongo kugeza aho A, igereranya imbaraga zambere zo gucamo ibirahuri bya fibre fer ikomezwa. Icyiciro cya kabiri: iyo beto imaze kumeneka, umutwaro wikoreye uzoherezwa kuri fibre yegeranye kugirango yikore, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara bugenwa ukurikije fibre yikirahure ubwayo nimbaraga zihuza na beto. Ingingo B ni imbaraga zidasanzwe za fibre fibre fer ya beto. Icyiciro cya gatatu: kugera ku mbaraga zihebuje, fibre yikirahure iracika cyangwa ikururwa, kandi fibre zisigaye zirashobora kwihanganira igice cyumutwaro kugirango barebe ko kuvunika kuvunika bitazabaho.

Twandikire:

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