Amakuru

Iterambere ryaPolyester idateganijweIbicuruzwa bifite amateka yimyaka irenga 70. Mugihe gito, ibicuruzwa bidasubirwaho byateye imbere mubijyanye no gusohoka no murwego rwa tekiniki. Kubera ko ibyahoze bitemewe polyester bidasubirwaho byateye imbere muri bumwe mubwoko bunini bwo muri thermoserting resine. Mugihe cyiterambere rya polyester idahujwe, amakuru ya tekiniki kubipanda yibicuruzwa, ibinyamakuru byubucuruzi, ibitabo bya tekiniki, nibindi birangira umwe umwe. Kugeza ubu, buri mwaka hari amashuri amagana buri mwaka, bifitanye isano na polyester idateganijwe. Birashobora kugaragara ko umusaruro nikoranabuhanga rya polyester idateganijwe kandi rikuze buhoro buhoro ryiterambere ryumusaruro, kandi buhoro buhoro ryashizeho gahunda yumusaruro, kandi buhoro buhoro yashizeho gahunda ya tekinike yihariye kandi yuzuye yumusaruro no gusaba. Muburyo bwiterambere ryashize, ibisohoka bidasubirwaho byatanze umusanzu wihariye mugukoresha muri rusange. Mugihe kizaza, bizatera imbere mumirima imwe idasanzwe, kandi icyarimwe, ikiguzi cyo kumvikana muri rusange kizagabanuka. Ibikurikira ni bimwe bishimishije kandi bisezerana ubwoko bwa polyester idakuze, harimo no: gusubiraho resin resin, urusaku rwibumoso, ruswa Hamwe nibintu byihariye, hamwe nintoki zimikorere yimikorere yimikorere ya synthesizede hamwe nibikoresho bishya.

1.Umuhanda usika

Ubu bwoko butandukanye bushobora kuba ingingo ya kera. Polyester idateganijwe aherekejwe nigice kinini mugihe cyo gukira, hamwe nubunini rusange bwimibare yimari ni 6-10%. Iri ndwara irashobora guhindura cyane cyangwa no kugabanya ibikoresho, ntabwo mubishushanyo mbonera (SMC, BMC). Kugira ngo utsinde iyi nzira, mu myanda isanzwe ikoreshwa nkibintu byongeweho bike. Ipatano muri kariya gace yahawe dupont mu 1934, patenti nimero ya US 1.945.307. Ipatanti asobanura copolymerisation ya antide ya anteloperic ya anteloperic ya anteloperic hamwe nibigo bya vinyl. Ikigaragara ni uko icyo gihe, iyi patenti yabanjirije tekinoroji yo hasi ya polyinka ya polyester. Kuva icyo gihe, abantu benshi bitangiye kwiga sisitemu ya Copolymer, icyo gihe zafatwaga nkaho ari inyangamugayo za plastike. Mu 1966, Marco ya Marco yakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu misaruro n'unganda.

Ishyirahamwe ry'inganda rya plastics ryaje kwitwa iki gicuruzwa "SMC", bivuze ko urupapuro rubimba, hamwe n'igice cya premix conceund "bmc" bisobanura uruganda rubi. Kumpapuro ya SMC, muri rusange irasabwa ko ibice byabitswe bikozwe neza, guhinduka hamwe na nyaburanga hejuru, nibice bya micro-micro-micro Birumvikana ko amato menshi yateye imbere kandi anonosora ikoranabuhanga, no gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo hasi bwavuyemo buhoro buhoro, ndetse n'abakozi batandukanye-mu gaciro cyangwa inyongeramuke zidasanzwe zagaragaye uko ibihe bisaba. Bikunze gukoreshwa inyongeramuke zigabanuka ni polystyrene, Polymethyl Methacrylate nibindi nkibyo.

drtgf (1) 2.Flame redin

Rimwe na rimwe, ibikoresho byo gucika intege ni ngombwa nko gutabara ibiyobyabwenge, kandi ibikoresho byo gucika intege bishobora kwirinda cyangwa kugabanya ibiza. Mu Burayi, umubare w'impfu z'umuriro wagabanutseho hafi 20% mu myaka icumi ishize kubera gukoresha ibiti bya Flame. Umutekano wibikoresho byo gucika intege ubwabyo nabyo ni ngombwa cyane. Ninzira gahoro kandi itoroshye kugirango isanzwe yubwoko bwibikoresho bikoreshwa munganda. Kugeza ubu, umuryango w'uburayi ufite kandi urimo gusuzuma ingaruka ku kibazo ku bategetsi benshi ba Halogen na Halogn-Fopuphorus Flasin. , ibyinshi muri byo bizarangira hagati ya 2004 na 2006. Kugeza ubu, muri iki gihe, muri rusange igihugu cyacu gikoresha chlorine-kirimo diols cyangwa ibirimo bya Brorine cyangwa ibirimo bya Brorine cyangwa ibikoresho bya Dibasic bitegura ibisige byagaruyeho. Halogun Flame Retdarsants izatanga umusaruro mwinshi mugihe yaka, kandi aherekejwe nigisekuru cya hydrogen cyane. Umwotsi mwinshi numwotsi w'uburozi wakozwe mugihe cyo gutwika bitera kugirira nabi abantu.

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Kurenga 80% byimpanuka zumuriro ziterwa nibi. Izindi ngaruka zo gukoresha Bromine cyangwa ivugurura rya Flame ishingiye kuri Flame ni uko imyuka ikaze kandi ibidukikije izabyara igihe yatwitswe, izaganisha ku byangiritse ku bice by'amashanyarazi. Gukoresha ibiti bya ONORGANIC nka HYLDTED Alumina, Magnesium, ibinyabiziga bya Molybdenum birashobora gutanga umwotsi muto, nubwo bifite uburozi bukabije bworoshye, nubwo bafite ingaruka zigaragara. Ariko, niba umubare wa dosiye ya intomantic uzuza ni manini cyane, ntabwo ari ubuyobe bwo kwiyongera gusa, ariko kandi mugihe umubare munini wa flame retdartant, bizagira ingaruka Imbaraga zubukanishi n'imitungo y'amashanyarazi ya resin nyuma yo gukiza.

Kugeza ubu, abapatano benshi b'abanyamahanga batangaje ikoranabuhanga ryo gukoresha ibiti bishingiye kuri Flaphorus kugira ngo bishobore gutanga uburozi buke ndetse n'umwotsi wo mu mwotsi. Umuyoboro wa Flaphorus ushingiye kuri Flame ufite ingaruka nkeya zakarenga. Acide izwi cyane mugihe cyo gutwikwa irashobora kuba ifite ubushishozi muri leta ihamye, igakora ogisijeni, igambaza umwuma na karubone yubuso bwa resin, kandi bugakora firime yo gukingira karbonize. Bityo birinda gutwikwa no mugihe kimwe cya Flaphorus gishingiye kuri Flaphorous nacyo gishobora gukoreshwa muguhuza na Halome Regictants, zifite ingaruka zigaragara. Nibyo, icyerekezo cyubushakashatsi bwa flame redirtant resin nimwotsi muto, uburozi buke nigiciro gito. Ibyiza Byiza ni ubuntu, uburozi buke, ikiguzi gito, ntabwo bigira ingaruka kubisibo, bidakenewe kongeramo ibikoresho byinyongera, kandi birashobora gukorwa mu gihingwa cyo gutanga umusaruro wa resin.

3.Gusi

Ugereranije numwimerere wa polyester adahagije muri resittes, ubukaze bwa resin burayongereye cyane. Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryinganda zitonyanga Polyester idahujwe, ibisabwa bishya bishyirwa imbere kugirango imikorere ya resin idateganijwe, cyane cyane mubijyanye no gukomera. Ububiko bwibisubizo bidateganijwe nyuma yo gukiza byahindutse ikibazo cyingenzi kubuza iterambere ryiterambere ridateganijwe. Byaba ibisigisigi bibumba ibidukikije cyangwa ibicuruzwa byabumbwe cyangwa igikomere, kwihitiramo kuruhuka biba ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma ubwiza bwibicuruzwa.

Kugeza ubu, abakora bo mu mahanga bakoresha uburyo bwo kongeramo ibihano byuzuye kugirango bateze imbere. Nko kongeraho polyester, Styrene-Butadiene Rubber na Carboxy-barangiye (suo-) styrene-Butadiene reberi, nibindi. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kumenyekanisha polymers mumurongo munini wa polyester idahujwe, nkuko imiterere yinjiye idateganijwe hamwe na Epoxy Resin na Polyurethane resin ya kanseri hamwe nimbaraga za rensin. , ubu buryo bwo kuvugurura ni bwo buryo bwo guhuriza hamwe. Ihuriro ryibikoresho byumubiri no guhuza imiti birashobora kandi gukoreshwa, nko kuvanga polyester idateganijwe hamwe nibikoresho bidasubirwaho kugirango ugere kubyo byoroshye guhinduka.

Kugeza ubu, amabati ya SMC yakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda zimodoka kubera uburemere bwumucyo, imbaraga nyinshi, kurwanya ruswa, no gushushanya guhinduka. Kubice byingenzi nka panne yimodoka, inzugi zinyuma, hamwe nimbero zo hanze, uburemere bwiza, nka panne exter yimodoka. Abashinzwe umutekano barashobora gusubira ku rugero ruto hanyuma bagasubira mu bihe byambere nyuma yingaruka nke. Kongera ubukana bwa resin akenshi itakaza indi mitungo ya resin, nko gukomera, imbaraga zoroheje, kurwanya ubushyuhe, no gukiza mugihe cyo kubaka. Kunoza ubukana bwa resin udatakaje ibindi bintu byihariye bya resin byabaye ingingo yingenzi mubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibyoherezwa bidateganijwe.

4.lod styrene ihindagurika resile

Muburyo bwo gutunganya Polyester adashimishije Polyester, stylane yubumara buhindagurika bizatera ingaruka zikomeye kubakozi bashinzwe kubaka. Muri icyo gihe, Styrene yasohowe mu kirere, na we azatera umwanda mu kirere. Kubwibyo, abayobozi benshi bagabanya kwibanda kuri Styrene mu kirere cyo gukora. Kurugero, muri Amerika, urwego rwayo rwemewe (urwego rwemewe rurangwa) ni 50ppm, mugihe cyo mu Busuwisi agaciro kayo ni 25ppm ntabwo byoroshye kubigeraho. Kwishingikiriza kuri Ventilation ikomeye nabyo biragarukira. Muri icyo gihe, umwuka ukomeye kandi uzanagukana kubura styrene kuva hejuru yibicuruzwa no gusoza akazi ka styrene nyinshi mukirere. Kubwibyo, kugirango ushake uburyo bwo kugabanya guhungabanya umutima, uhereye kumuzi, biracyakenewe kugirango urangize iki gikorwa mu gihingwa cyo gutanga umusaruro wa resin. Ibi bisaba iterambere ryihindagurika rito (LSE) ridahumanya cyangwa nkeya mpumanya ikirere, cyangwa ibirahure bidasubirwaho nta monomers ya styrene.

Kugabanya ibikubiye muri monomers ihindagurika byagize uruhare ruterwa nubuhanga bwa polyester adakuze muri Polyester mumyaka yashize. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bukoreshwa: (1) uburyo bwo kongeramo ababuza kwihishaho hasi; . . Ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya gukoraho stryrene ni ukumenyekanisha ibindi bice nka DiclyClopentadiene hamwe na DiclyClopentadiene hamwe na Polyesters Polyesters Polyesters idatunzwe, kugirango ugere kuri vinoton.

Mugushakisha uburyo bwo gukemura ikibazo cya Styrene Gukunda, birakenewe kubyumva neza muburyo bwo kubumba, inzira yo kumatara, ikiguzi cyibikoresho fatizo kumusaruro winganda, kandi guhuza na sisitemu ya resin. . Ariko, hamwe no kuzamura imibereho yabantu no kunoza abantu kumenya ubuzima bwabo no kurengera ibidukikije, ni ikibazo gusa mbere yuko amategeko abigenga asabwa kugirango igihugu kidateganijwe nkatwe.

5.amazi yo kurwanya

Imwe mukoresha cyane Polyester idasubirwaho ninkomoko yabo irwanya imbuto kumiti nkibitinda, acide, ibishishwa, numwokunwa. Dukurikije intangiriro y'impuguke za resin idateganijwe, ibisohoka biteye isoni bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bikurikira: (1) Ubwoko bwa O-Benzine; (2) Ubwoko bwa Bengene; (3) p-bezene ubwoko; (4) Bisphenol ubwoko; (5) vinyl este ubwoko; Abandi nk'ubwoko bwa Xylene, ubwoko bwa Halogine-HaPernen - n'ibindi bamaze imyaka ibarirwa mu myaka myinshi ubushakashatsi bw'ibisekuru byinshi by'abahanga kandi basiba barwanya ruswa. Ibisigisigi byahinduwe muburyo butandukanye, nko kumenyekanisha skeleton ya molecular biragoye kunanira ingwate muri polyester idateganijwe, cyangwa gukoresha polyester idateganijwe. y'isi. Kurwanya kwangwa ni byiza cyane, kandi resin yakozwe nuburyo bwo kuvanga acide resin birashobora no kugera ku kurwanya indwara.

Ugereranije naepoxy rest,Ikiguzi gito no gutunganya byoroshye polyester idateganijwe yabaye inyungu nyinshi. Nk'uko abahanga badakuze incungu zidasubirwaho, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku ruswa rya Polyester idasubirwaho, cyane cyane kurwanya Alkali, riri munsi ya Epoy Resin. Ntishobora gusimbuza epoxy resin. Kugeza ubu, kuzamuka kwa kurwanya ruswa byashizeho amahirwe n'ingorane zo kugatangwamo polyester idateganijwe. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryibintu bidasanzwe byo kurwanya ruswa bifite ibyiringiro byinshi.

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6.Gel Coat Resin

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Ikoti rya Gel rigira uruhare runini mubikoresho bigizwe. Ntabwo bigira uruhare rukomeye ku bicuruzwa bya FRP, ariko kandi bikagira uruhare mu kwambara kurwanya, kurwanya abasaza no kurwanya indwara z'imiti. Ukurikije impuguke ziva murusobero rudateganijwe, icyerekezo cyiterambere cya Gal Estin resin ikoti hamwe nisote ya styrene nkeya, umwuka mwiza kandi urwanya ruswa. Hano hari isoko rinini ryo kurwanya ubushyuhe muri reates muri Gel Coat. Niba ibikoresho bya FARP byibizwa mumazi ashyushye kuva kera, ibisebe bizagaragara hejuru. Muri icyo gihe, kubera kwinjira buhoro buhoro amazi mu bikoresho bigizwe, hejuru ya Blies izaguka buhoro buhoro. Ibiseri ntibizagira ingaruka gusa ku isura ya gel bizagenda bigabanya buhoro buhoro imitungo y'ibicuruzwa.

Guteka couctite na polymers co. Unit, muri Amerika, ukoresha uburyo bwa ethey na glycidyl ethex Byongeye kandi, isosiyete ikoresha kandi PolyTeher Poyol-yahinduwe na Epoxy-yahagaritswe muri Asin a (DCPD) na DiclyCIST). Byombi bya Resin B (byombi birimo kurwanya amazi ntibishobora Gusa gira amazi meza, ahubwo unagira uburemere n'imbaraga nziza. Ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibindi bintu bike bya molekile byinjira muri sisitemu yibikoresho bya FARP binyuze murwego rwa peate, guhinduka amazi arwanya amazi hamwe nimitungo myiza yuzuye.

7.Guhatirira gukiza polyester idateganijwe

Umucyo ukiza ibiranga Polyester adateganijwe ni ubuzima bwinkoni hamwe numuvuduko wihuta. Ibisigisiga bidasubirwaho birashobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa kugirango bigabanye gukoraho stryrene kubera urumuri. Kubera iterambere ry'amafoto n'ibikoresho byo gucana, urufatiro rwo guteza imbere ibikomokaho. UV-UV-UV-UV-UV-induru induru zateguwe neza kandi zigashyirwa mubikorwa byinshi. Ibikoresho byibikoresho, imikorere imikorere no kwambara hejuru yo kurwanya biraterane, kandi imikorere yumusaruro nayo iratera imbere ukoresheje iyi nzira.

8.Guzagura ibiciro byose hamwe nibintu bidasanzwe

Ibisigo nkibi birimo ibirambo bya hafi nibisohoka. Kugeza ubu, ubuke bw'ingufu z'ibiti ifite icyerekezo cyo hejuru mu rugero. Hariho kandi ikibazo cyo kubura abakora ubuhanga bakora mu nganda zitunganya ibiti, kandi aba bakozi barumirwa. Ibintu nkibi bitera ibintu bya plastiki yubuhanga kugirango winjire ku isoko ryibiti. Ibishishwa bidasubirwaho no kunyuramo amazi birimo amazi mu nganda zo mu nzu kubera ibikoresho byabo bike ndetse n'imbaraga nyinshi. Porogaramu izatinda ku ntangiriro, hanyuma hamwe no kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya, iyi porogaramu izatezwa imbere byihuse.

Ibisigisigi bya polyester bidateganijwe birashobora kuba byiza kugirango ugaragaze ibirungo bishobora gukoreshwa nkurukuta rwarwo, abanza byubwiherero mbere, nibindi byinshi. Ubukana n'imbaraga za plastike ifuzwa hamwe na polyester idateganijwe nkuko matrix iruta iby PS ya PSS; Biroroshye gutunganya kuruta PVC; Igiciro kiri munsi yukuboko kwa polyine Nubwo tekinoroji yo gusaba ibisigaye yatejwe imbere, gusaba polyester idahingwa mu nzu y'ibikoresho ntabwo yishyuwe cyane. Nyuma y'iperereza, abakora resin resin bashishikajwe cyane no guteza imbere ubu bwoko bushya bwibikoresho. Ibibazo bimwe byingenzi (imiterere yuruhu, ubuki, ubuki bwa Gel-foaming igihe cyo guhuza, kugenzura neza ntabwo byakemuwe mbere yo gutanga ibicuruzwa. Rimwe na rimwe Ibi bibazo birakemuwe, ibisigaye bikoreshwa cyane mubice nkibikoresho byo gucika intege kure aho gukoresha ubukungu bwabwo.

Amazi arimo polyeter idateganijwe arashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: Ubwoko bworoshye bwamazi hamwe nubwoko bwa emulside. Nko mu mahanga ya 1960 mu mahanga, habaye amakota n'ibitabo muri kariya gace. Ibisige birimo amazi ni ukukongeraho amazi nkuzuza Polyyester idateganijwe muri resin mbere ya resin gel, kandi ibintu byamazi birashobora kuba byinshi nka 50%. Ibisigisizi nkibi byitwa WEP resin. Ibisigisizi bifite ibiranga ikiguzi gito, uburemere bworoshye nyuma yo gukiza, urumuri rwiza rwa flame na gari ntoya. Iterambere n'ubushakashatsi bwo gukumira amazi mu gihugu cyanjye byatangiye mu myaka ya za 1980, kandi byabaye igihe kirekire. Kubijyanye no gusaba, byakoreshejwe nkumukozi unangiye. Ikimenyetso cya polyester kidateganijwe ni ubwoko bushya bwa UPR. Ikoranabuhanga muri Laboratory rigenda rigenda rirushaho kuba rirenze, ariko nta bushakashatsi buke bwo gusaba. Ibibazo bigomba gukemurwa ni ugukatanura kwamagana, ibibazo bimwe mubibazo byo gukiza no kubungabunga, nikibazo cyo kwemerwa nabakiriya. Mubisanzwe, 10,000-toni resin idahujwe irashobora kubyara toni zigera kuri 600 yamazi yamazi buri mwaka. Niba igituba cyakozwe mubikorwa byumusaruro wa polyester idateganijwe mugukora ibisige birimo amazi, bizagabanya ikiguzi cyo gusimbuka no gukemura ikibazo cyo kurengera ibidukikije.

Ducuruza ibicuruzwa bikurikira: gusiba polyester idateganijwe;vinyl resin; Gel Coat resin; epoxy resin.

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