amakuru

1. Isoko mpuzamahanga

Bitewe nimiterere yacyo isumba izindi, fibre yibirahure irashobora gukoreshwa mugusimbuza ibyuma. Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryubukungu nikoranabuhanga, fibre yibirahure ifata umwanya wingenzi mubijyanye nubwikorezi, ubwubatsi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, metallurgie, inganda z’imiti, kurengera igihugu, no kurengera ibidukikije. Kwisi yose, ibirahuri bya fibre fibre nibikoreshwa byibanda cyane mubihugu byateye imbere nk'Uburayi, Amerika, n'Ubuyapani. Byongeye kandi, Uburayi nabwo ni akarere gakoresha cyane ibirahuri by’ibirahure ku isi, kandi fibre isabwa ibirahuri bingana na 35% by’umusaruro rusange ku isi. Kugeza muri 2008, gahunda yo kwagura inganda za fibre fibre ku isi izarushaho kwitonda. Urebye ku isi hose, ubushobozi bwo gukora fibre fibre yerekana iterambere ryihuta. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2010, umusaruro w’ibirahure ku isi hose ugera kuri toni miliyoni 5, kandi biteganijwe ko uziyongera vuba mu gihe kiri imbere.

2. Isoko ryimbere mu gihugu

Kubera ivugurura rikomeye ryikoranabuhanga, ireme ryafibre ibicuruzwa mu gihugu cyanjye byabaye kurwego rwo hejuru, kandi ibicuruzwa byimbitse nabyo byiyongera uko umwaka utashye. Mu rwego rwa fibre fibre mu gihugu cyanjye, inyungu y’inganda iri hagati ya 25-35%, ibyo bikaba birenze cyane inyungu z’amahanga zingana na 10%. . Urebye ku isi yose, inganda za fibre fibre zimaze igihe kinini muri monopole. Nimbaraga nshya mubijyanye na fibre fibre, igihugu cyanjye cyongereye umusaruro wacyo hejuru ya 20% buri mwaka binyuze mubikorwa bikomeye byabahanga batabarika. Bizatwara ibice birenga 60% byumugabane wisi kandi bizabe umuyobozi mumasoko mpuzamahanga ya fibre fibre.

Iterambere ryihuse ryinganda zigihugu cyibirahure mumyaka yashize biterwa ahanini nibintu bibiri: gukurura amasoko yimbere mugihugu no mumahanga. Kwiyongera kw'isoko mpuzamahanga uko umwaka utashye bituma ibyifuzo byose byiyongera, kandi binatuma amasosiyete amwe n'amwe yo mu mahanga aha umwanya amasosiyete yo mu gihugu ku isoko mpuzamahanga kubera ubushobozi buke bwo gukora; mugihe izamuka ryisoko ryimbere mu gihugu rifite akamaro kumajyambere yihuse yamasosiyete yo hasi. kwiteza imbere. Nyuma yikinyejana kirenga igice cyiterambere, umurima wikirahure wigihugu cyanjye wagize igipimo kinini. Ugereranije n’umurima munini w’ibirahure ku isi, ibicuruzwa by’ibirahure by’igihugu cyanjye bifite ibisobanuro bike kandi ntibikoreshwa. Ariko ibi mubyukuri bivuye mubindi bitekerezo, uruganda rwanjye rwibirahure rwibirahure rugenda rutera imbere burimunsi, kandi hari byinshi byo kunonosora.

uruganda rw’ibirahure by’ibirahure ntirwatangiye hakiri kare mu bihugu byateye imbere, ariko nyuma y’imyaka 20 rukora cyane, uruganda rw’ibirahure rw’ibirahure rwageze ku iterambere ridasanzwe. Iterambere ryibicuruzwa byigihugu cyanjye birihuta cyane. Ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu byateye imbere, igihugu cyanjye nacyo kiri mu byiza mu bijyanye n’umuvuduko w’iterambere. Mu myaka ya za 1980 rwagati, igihugu cyanjye cyasohoye ibirahuri bya fibre ndetse byari munsi ya toni 100.000, bingana na 5% by’ibicuruzwa by’ibirahure ku isi. Ariko, nyuma ya 1990, uruganda rwa fibre fibre rwateye imbere byihuse. Iyo inganda zikora ibirahuri ku isi mu 2001-2003 Iyo byari mu gihirahiro, bitandukanye n’ibindi bihugu, igihugu cyacu cyagize ingaruka nke, kandi umusaruro wari ugikomeza kwiyongera. Mu 2003, umusaruro wa buri mwaka wa fibre y'ibirahure mu gihugu cyanjye wageze kuri toni 470.000, ugera kuri 20% by’ibicuruzwa byose by’ibirahure ku isi, kandi byujuje neza ibipimo bya “Gahunda ya cumi y’imyaka itanu”. Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bijyana, cyane cyane mu myaka yashize, iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda z’ibirahure by’igihugu cyanjye, ibyo bigatuma ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga nabyo byiyongera ku buryo bugaragara.

Kugeza 2003, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga by'ibirahure by'ibirahure byarenze kimwe cya kabiri cy'umusaruro wose. Ku isura, uruganda rwanjye rwa fibre fibre fibre rwagiye ruhuza isi, rwinjizwa mu isi, kandi ibyiza byayo ku isoko mpuzamahanga nabyo biriyongera. Kubera iterambere ryihuse rya fibre yibirahure mugihugu cyanjye, icyifuzo cyikoranabuhanga rishya ryamahanga nibicuruzwa bishya biriyongera, ibyo bikaba byaragize uruziga rwiza. Kugeza 2004, igihugu cyanjye cyari kimaze kubona inzozi ndende zo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kuruta ibyo bitumizwa mu mahanga.

Kugeza mu 2006, umusaruro wa fibre y'ibirahuri ngarukamwaka mu gihugu cyanjye wari toni miliyoni 1.16, wiyongereyeho 22%, kandi ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe birenga 99%. Umurwa mukuru w’inganda zikora ibirahure warenze miliyari 23.7, yiyongereyeho 30%. Nubwo ibiciro byibikoresho byazamutse, inyungu nazo zarazamutse kubera ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere. Inyungu yinganda zose za fibre fibre hafi miliyari 2.6, yiyongereyeho 40%. Ku bijyanye no kohereza mu mahanga, amadovize yinjije hafi miliyari 1,2 z'amadolari y'Abanyamerika, naho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigera kuri toni 790.000, byiyongera 39%. Mu 2007, umusaruro rusange w’inganda z’ibirahure by’igihugu cyanjye wageze kuri miliyari 37.2, wiyongereyeho 38% ugereranije n’umwaka ushize. Inyungu yose yageze kuri miliyari 3,5, yiyongereyeho 51% mu mwaka ushize.

Mu mwaka wa 2008, kubera ikibazo cy’amafaranga ku isi, igihugu cyanjye nacyo cyagize ingaruka, kandi kohereza mu mahanga fibre y’ibirahure byabaye bibi. Kubera ihungabana ry'ubukungu mpuzamahanga muri rusange hamwe n’ubusumbane bukabije hagati y’ibitangwa n’ibisabwa, igihugu cyanjye cyateje imbere cyane ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda zikora ibirahure, kandi inganda z’ibirahure mu gihombo cy’igihugu cyanjye ziragabanuka.

Umwaka wa 2011 urangiye, umusaruro w’ibirahure bya fibre fibre mu gihugu cyanjye wageze kuri toni miliyoni 3.72, wiyongereyeho 17%. Urebye ku musaruro w’intara n’imijyi itandukanye yo mu gihugu, umusaruro wa fibre y’ibirahure mu Ntara ya Shandong wiyongereye cyane, ku mwaka umusaruro wa toni miliyoni 1.25, wiyongera ku mwaka ushize. 19%, bingana na 34% byumusaruro rusange wibirahure byigihugu. Ku mwanya wa kabiri ni intara ya Zhejiang, igizwe na 20% by'umusaruro wose. Mugihe uruganda rwa fibre fibre rugenda rwiyongera kandi byihuse, amarushanwa muruganda aragenda arushaho gukaza umurego, kuburyo ibigo byinshi byiza byatangiye kwibanda kubushakashatsi bwisoko, kandi biharanira gukora ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyifuzo byabakiriya.

Ku rugero runini, kubera ko haje kwishyira hamwe kwisi, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati. Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'akarere ka Aziya-Pasifika, icyifuzo cya fibre y'ibirahure kiracyiyongera. Kandi hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryikoranabuhanga, abantu bazakoresha fibre yibirahure mubijyanye ningufu zumuyaga, bityo ibyiringiro byinganda zikora ibirahure nabyo birasa cyane.

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