amakuru

Ibikoresho byose hamwe byahujwe na fibre ikomeza hamwe nibikoresho bya plastiki. Uruhare rwa resin mubikoresho byinshi ni ngombwa. Guhitamo resin igena urukurikirane rwibintu biranga ibintu, ibintu bimwe na bimwe byubukanishi nibikorwa (imiterere yubushyuhe, gutwika, kurwanya ibidukikije, nibindi), imitungo ya resin nayo ni ikintu cyingenzi mugusobanukirwa imiterere yubukorikori bwibikoresho. Iyo resin yatoranijwe, idirishya rigena urwego rwibikorwa hamwe nimiterere yibigize bihita bigenwa. Ubushuhe bwa Thermosetting nubwoko bukoreshwa muburyo bwa resin matrix kubera gukora neza. Ibisigarira bya Thermoset hafi ya byose byamazi cyangwa igice cyakomeye mubushyuhe bwicyumba, kandi mubisanzwe birasa na monomers zigize resimoplastique kuruta resimoplastique muri reta yanyuma. Mbere yuko ibisigazwa bya termosetting bikira, birashobora gutunganywa muburyo butandukanye, ariko iyo bimaze gukira hakoreshejwe imiti ikiza, abitangiza cyangwa ubushyuhe, ntibishobora kongera gukorwa kuko imiyoboro yimiti ikorwa mugihe cyo gukira, bigatuma molekile nto ihinduka mubice bitatu-byambukiranya imipaka. polymers ikaze ifite uburemere buke bwa molekile.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bya termosetting, bikunze gukoreshwa ni resinike ya fenolike,epoxy resinsbis-ifarashi, vinyl, ibisigarira bya fenolike, nibindi.

. Gazi yarekuwe ntabwo ifite uburozi. Gutunganya ni byiza, kandi ibice bigize ibikoresho birashobora gukorwa muburyo bwo kubumba, guhinduranya, kurambika amaboko, gutera, hamwe na pultrusion. Umubare munini wibikoresho bya fenolike bishingiye kubikoresho bikoreshwa mubikoresho byo gushushanya imbere yindege za gisivili.

(2)Epoxy resinni matrike yo hambere ikoreshwa muburyo bwindege. Irangwa nibikoresho bitandukanye. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukiza hamwe nihuta bishobora kubona ubushyuhe bwo gukiza kuva ubushyuhe bwicyumba kugeza 180 ℃; ifite imiterere ihanitse; Ubwoko bwiza bwa fibre; ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe; ubukana buhebuje; ubwiza buhebuje (ubwuzuzanye bwiza, ubunini bwa resin buringaniye, amazi meza, umuvuduko ukabije, nibindi); bikwiranye muri rusange gufatanya gukiza ibice binini; bihendutse. Inzira nziza yo kubumba hamwe nubukomezi bukomeye bwa epoxy resin ituma ifata umwanya wingenzi muri resin matrix yibikoresho bigezweho.

(3)Vinyl resinizwi nka kimwe mu byiza birwanya ruswa. Irashobora kwihanganira aside nyinshi, alkalis, ibisubizo byumunyu nibitangazamakuru bikomeye. Ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora impapuro, inganda z’imiti, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, peteroli, kubika no gutwara abantu, kurengera ibidukikije, amato, Inganda zimurika. Ifite ibiranga polyester idahagije hamwe na resinike ya epoxy, kuburyo ifite imiterere yubukorikori nziza ya epoxy resin hamwe nibikorwa byiza bya polyester idahagije. Usibye kurwanya ruswa idasanzwe, ubu bwoko bwa resin nabwo bufite ubushyuhe bwiza. Harimo ubwoko busanzwe, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubwoko bwa flame retardant, ubwoko bwo kurwanya ingaruka nubundi bwoko. Ikoreshwa rya vinyl resin muri fibre ikomezwa ya plastike (FRP) ishingiye cyane cyane kurambika amaboko, cyane cyane mubikorwa byo kurwanya ruswa. Hamwe niterambere rya SMC, ikoreshwa ryayo muriki kibazo naryo riragaragara.

. Ibi bisabwa birimo: ibice binini hamwe na profil bigoye kuri 130 ℃ Gukora ibice, nibindi ugereranije na epoxy resin, resin ya Shuangma irangwa ahanini nubushuhe buhebuje nubushyuhe bukabije hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije bwo gukora; ibibi ni uko ibikorerwa bitameze neza nka epoxy resin, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gukiza buri hejuru (gukira hejuru ya 185 ℃), kandi bisaba ubushyuhe bwa 200 ℃. Cyangwa igihe kirekire ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 200 ℃.
. imiterere yubukanishi hamwe nuburyo bwo guhuza, nibindi, kandi ifite tekinoroji yo gutunganya isa na epoxy resin.
Kugeza ubu, ibisigarira bya cyanate bikoreshwa cyane cyane mubice bitatu: imbaho ​​zumuzingo zicapishijwe kumashanyarazi yihuta kandi yihuta cyane, ibikoresho-byubaka-byogukwirakwiza ibikoresho byububiko hamwe nibikoresho byinshi byubaka ibikoresho byo mu kirere.

Kubivuga mu buryo bworoshe, epoxy resin, imikorere ya epoxy resin ntabwo ijyanye gusa na synthesis imiterere, ariko nanone biterwa ahanini nimiterere ya molekile. Itsinda rya glycidyl muri epoxy resin ni igice cyoroshye, gishobora kugabanya ububobere bwa resin no kunoza imikorere, ariko icyarimwe bikagabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa resin yakize. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kunoza ubushyuhe nubukanishi bwa epoxy resin yakize ni uburemere buke bwa molekuline hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo kongera ubwuzuzanye no kumenyekanisha ibintu bikomeye. Birumvikana ko kwinjiza imiterere itajenjetse biganisha ku kugabanuka kwikemurwa no kwiyongera kwijimye, ibyo bigatuma igabanuka ryimikorere ya epoxy resin. Nigute ushobora kunoza ubushyuhe bwa sisitemu ya epoxy resin ni ikintu cyingenzi. Uhereye kubintu bya resin no gukiza agent, amatsinda menshi akora, niko guhuza kwinshi. Hejuru ya Tg. Igikorwa cyihariye: Koresha ibikorwa byinshi bya epoxy resin cyangwa imiti ikiza, koresha epoxy resin-yera cyane. Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa ni ukongeramo igipimo runaka cya o-methyl acetaldehyde epoxy resin muri sisitemu yo gukiza, ifite ingaruka nziza nigiciro gito. Ubunini buringaniye buringaniye buringaniye, kugabanuka kwa molekuline kugabanuka, no hejuru ya Tg. Igikorwa cyihariye: Koresha ibikorwa byinshi bya epoxy resin cyangwa imiti ikiza cyangwa ubundi buryo hamwe no gukwirakwiza uburemere bwa molekile.

Nka matrike yo hejuru cyane ikoreshwa nka matrix igizwe, ibintu byayo bitandukanye, nkibishobora gutunganywa, imiterere ya thermofiziki hamwe nubukanishi, bigomba guhura nibikenewe mubikorwa bifatika. Ibikoresho bya resin matrix bikubiyemo gukemuka mumashanyarazi, gushonga ibishishwa (fluidity) no guhinduka kwijimye, hamwe nigihe cyo guhinduka hamwe nubushyuhe (idirishya ryibikorwa). Ibigize imiterere ya resin hamwe no guhitamo ubushyuhe bwa reaction bigena imiterere yimikorere ya reaction (igipimo cyo gukiza), imiterere ya rheologiya ya chimique (viscosity-ubushyuhe nigihe), hamwe na chimique reaction ya termodinamike (exothermic). Inzira zitandukanye zifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kugirango resin viscosity. Muri rusange, kubijyanye no guhinduranya, resin viscosity muri rusange hafi 500cPs; kubikorwa bya pultrusion, resin viscosity ni 800 ~ 1200cPs; kubikorwa byo gutangiza vacuum, resin viscosity muri rusange igera kuri 300cPs, kandi inzira ya RTM irashobora kuba hejuru, ariko Mubisanzwe, ntabwo izarenga 800cPs; kubikorwa byo kwitegura, viscosity isabwa kuba hejuru cyane, muri rusange hafi 30000 ~ 50000cPs. Birumvikana ko ibyo bisabwa byijimye bifitanye isano nimiterere yibikorwa, ibikoresho nibikoresho ubwabyo, kandi ntabwo bihagaze. Muri rusange, uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, ubukonje bwa resin bugabanuka mubushyuhe bwo hasi; icyakora, uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, gukira kwa resin nabyo birakomeza, nukuvuga, ubushyuhe Igipimo cyikubye kabiri kuri buri 10 ℃ kwiyongera, kandi iki kigereranyo kiracyafite akamaro mukugereranya mugihe ubwiza bwa sisitemu ya resin reaction yiyongera kuri a ingingo zimwe na zimwe zikomeye. Kurugero, bisaba iminota 50 kugirango sisitemu ya resin ifite ubwiza bwa 200cPs kuri 100 ℃ kugirango yongere ubwiza bwayo kuri 1000cPs, hanyuma igihe gisabwa kugirango sisitemu imwe ya resin imwe yongere ububobere bwayo bwa mbere kuva munsi ya 200cPs kugeza 1000cPs kuri 110 ℃ ni nk'iminota 25. Guhitamo ibipimo ngenderwaho bigomba gutekereza neza kuri viscosity na gel igihe. Kurugero, mugikorwa cyo kumenyekanisha vacuum, birakenewe ko tumenya neza ko ubukonje bwubushyuhe bukora buri murwego rwubukonje busabwa nigikorwa, kandi ubuzima bwinkono ya resin kuri ubu bushyuhe bugomba kuba burebure bihagije kugirango byemeze ko resin irashobora gutumizwa mu mahanga. Kurangiza, guhitamo ubwoko bwa resin muburyo bwo gutera inshinge bigomba gutekereza kuri gel point, kuzuza igihe nubushyuhe bwibintu. Izindi nzira zifite ibintu bisa.

Muburyo bwo kubumba, ingano nuburyo byigice (mold), ubwoko bwimbaraga, hamwe nibipimo byerekana igipimo cyo kohereza ubushyuhe hamwe nuburyo bwo kwimura inzira. Resin ikiza ubushyuhe bwa exothermic, butangwa no gushiraho imiti ihuza imiti. Uko imiyoboro myinshi yimiti ikozwe mubunini bwigihe, niko imbaraga zirekurwa. Coefficients zoherejwe nubushyuhe hamwe na polymers muri rusange ni bike. Igipimo cyo gukuraho ubushyuhe mugihe cya polymerisiyasi ntigishobora guhura nigipimo cyo kubyara ubushyuhe. Ubwinshi bwubushyuhe butera reaction yimiti ikomeza kumuvuduko wihuse, bikavamo byinshi Iyi reaction yihuta amaherezo izagutera kunanirwa cyangwa kwangirika kwigice. Ibi biragaragara cyane mugukora ibice binini binini, kandi ni ngombwa cyane kunonosora inzira yo gukira. Ikibazo cya "ubushyuhe bukabije" bwaho buterwa nigipimo cyinshi cya exothermic yo gukiza prereg, kandi itandukaniro rya leta (nkitandukaniro ryubushyuhe) hagati yidirishya ryibikorwa byisi hamwe nidirishya ryibikorwa byose biterwa nuburyo bwo kugenzura inzira yo gukira. "Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe" mubice (cyane cyane mubyerekezo byubugari bwigice), kugirango ugere kuri "ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe" biterwa na gahunda (cyangwa ikoreshwa) rya "tekinoroji yubumwe" muri "sisitemu yo gukora". Kubice bito, kubera ko ubushyuhe bwinshi buzakwirakwizwa mubidukikije, ubushyuhe buzamuka buhoro, kandi rimwe na rimwe igice ntikizakira neza. Muri iki gihe, ubushyuhe bwingirakamaro bugomba gukoreshwa kugirango burangize reaction ihuza, ni ukuvuga gushyuha.

Ibikoresho bigizwe na tekinoroji ya autoclave ikorana na tekinoroji ya autoclave gakondo. Muri rusange, uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukora ibikoresho bidakoresha ibikoresho bya autoclave bishobora kwitwa tekinoroji ya autoclave. . Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya autoclave yububiko mu kirere harimo cyane cyane ibyerekezo bikurikira: tekinoroji ya autoclave prepreg, tekinoroji yo kubumba amazi, tekinoroji yo kubumba imashini, tekinoroji yo gukiza microwave, ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki yo gukiza, ikorana buhanga rya tekinoroji. . Muri ubwo buhanga, tekinoroji ya OoA (Outof Autoclave) yegereye uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gukora autoclave, kandi ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyira intoki hamwe nuburyo bwo gushiraho byikora, bityo ifatwa nkimyenda idoda ishobora kuzagerwaho. ku nini. Autoclave ikora tekinoroji. Impamvu yingenzi yo gukoresha autoclave kubice bikora cyane bigize ibice ni ugutanga igitutu gihagije kuri prereg, iruta umuvuduko wumuyaga wa gaze iyo ari yo yose mugihe cyo gukira, kugirango uhagarike imyobo, kandi iyi ni OoA prereg Ikibazo cyibanze cyikoranabuhanga ikeneye gucamo. Niba ububobere bwigice bushobora kugenzurwa nigitutu cya vacuum kandi imikorere yacyo irashobora kugera kumikorere ya autoclave yakize laminate nikintu cyingenzi mugusuzuma ubuziranenge bwa OoA prereg hamwe nuburyo bwo kubumba.

Iterambere rya tekinoroji ya OoA yabanje guturuka kumajyambere ya resin. Hariho ingingo eshatu zingenzi mugutezimbere ibisigazwa bya OoA preregs: imwe ni ukugenzura ububobere bwibice byabumbwe, nko gukoresha inyongeramusaruro yakize kugirango igabanye imvururu mugukiza; icya kabiri ni ukunoza imikorere yimyanda yakize Kugirango ugere kumiterere ya resin yakozwe na autoclave inzira, harimo nubushyuhe bwumuriro nibikoresho bya mashini; icya gatatu ni ukureba ko prereg ifite umusaruro mwiza, nko kwemeza ko ibisigazwa bishobora gutembera munsi yumuvuduko ukabije wumuvuduko wikirere, kureba ko ifite ubuzima burebure bwizuba hamwe nubushyuhe bwibyumba bihagije hanze yigihe, nibindi. ubushakashatsi bwibintu niterambere ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye nuburyo bukoreshwa. Icyerekezo nyamukuru kigomba kubamo: kunoza imiterere yubukanishi, kongera igihe cyo hanze, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gukiza, no kuzamura ubushuhe nubushyuhe. Bimwe muribi kunoza imikorere biravuguruzanya. , nk'ubukomere bukabije hamwe n'ubushyuhe buke bwo gukira. Ugomba gushaka ingingo iringaniye kandi ukayitekerezaho byose!

Usibye gusubiramo iterambere, uburyo bwo gukora prereg buteza imbere iterambere ryimikorere ya OoA prepreg. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje akamaro k'imiyoboro ya vacuum yo gukora laminates zeru-porosity. Ubushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho bwerekanye ko preregs yatewe kabiri ishobora guteza imbere gaze neza. OoA preregs yinjijwemo igice kimwe na resin, kandi fibre yumye ikoreshwa nkumuyoboro wa gaze ya gaze. Imyuka hamwe nibihindagurika bigira uruhare mugukiza igice birashobora kuba umunaniro binyuze mumiyoboro kuburyo ububobere bwigice cyanyuma ari <1%.
Inzira yo gupakira vacuum ni iyuburyo butari autoclave (OoA). Muri make, ni uburyo bwo kubumba bufunga ibicuruzwa hagati yikibabi nigikapu cya vacuum, kandi kigahindura ibicuruzwa mukuvunika kugirango ibicuruzwa birusheho kuba byiza kandi byubukanishi bwiza. Inzira nyamukuru yo gukora ni

Ubwa mbere, umukozi wo kurekura cyangwa umwenda wo kurekura ushyirwa mububiko (cyangwa urupapuro rw'ikirahure). Prereg igenzurwa hakurikijwe ibipimo bya prepreg ikoreshwa, cyane cyane harimo uburinganire bwubuso, ibirimo resin, ibintu bihindagurika nandi makuru ya prereg. Kata prereg kubunini. Mugihe ukata, witondere icyerekezo cya fibre. Mubisanzwe, icyerekezo cyerekezo cya fibre gisabwa kuba munsi ya 1 °. Andika buri gice cyambaye ubusa hanyuma wandike umubare wabanjirije. Mugihe cyo gushyira ibice, ibice bigomba gushyirwaho bikurikije gahunda yo gushyiraho ibisabwa bisabwa kurupapuro rwabigenewe, kandi firime ya PE cyangwa impapuro zisohora bigomba guhuzwa nicyerekezo cya fibre, kandi ibyuka bihumeka bigomba kwirukanwa mu cyerekezo cya fibre. Scraper ikwirakwiza prereg hanyuma ikayikuraho ibishoboka byose kugirango ikureho umwuka hagati yabyo. Iyo urambitse, rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa gutondagura progaramu, zigomba guterwa ku cyerekezo cya fibre. Muburyo bwo gutondeka, guhuzagurika no guhuzagurika bigomba kugerwaho, kandi guterana kwa buri cyiciro bigomba guhindagurika. Mubisanzwe, gutandukanya icyuho cyo kwerekera icyerekezo kimwe ni ibi bikurikira. 1mm; gutegekwa gutondekwa biremewe gusa guhuzagurika, ntibitera, kandi ubugari bwuzuye ni 10 ~ 15mm. Ibikurikira, witondere vacuum pre-compaction, kandi ubunini bwa pre-pomping buratandukanye ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye. Ikigamijwe ni ugusohora umwuka wafashwe muri layup na volatile muri prereg kugirango tumenye ubwiza bwimbere bwibigize. Noneho hariho gushyira ibikoresho byingirakamaro hamwe no gupakira vacuum. Gufunga imifuka no gukiza: Icyifuzo cya nyuma ni ukudashobora guhumeka umwuka. Icyitonderwa: Ahantu usanga umwuka usohoka ni kashe ya kashe.

Natwe tubyara umusarurofiberglass igenda neza,materi ya fiberglass, fiberglass mesh, nafiberglass ikozwe.

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