Ibikoresho bya composite byose bihuzwa n'imigozi yo gushimangira hamwe n'ibikoresho bya pulasitiki. Uruhare rwa résin mu bikoresho bya composite ni ingenzi cyane. Guhitamo résin bigena urukurikirane rw'ibipimo byihariye by'imikorere, imiterere imwe n'imwe ya mekanike n'imikorere (imiterere y'ubushyuhe, gutwika, kurwanya ibidukikije, nibindi), imiterere ya résin nayo ni ingenzi mu gusobanukirwa imiterere ya mekanike y'ibikoresho bya composite. Iyo résin itoranijwe, idirishya rigena urwego rw'imikorere n'imiterere ya composite rigenwa mu buryo bwikora. Thermosetting resin ni ubwoko bwa résin bukoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya résin matrix bitewe n'uburyo ikorwa neza. Thermoset resin ni amazi gusa cyangwa igice gikomeye mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba, kandi mu by'ukuri isa na monomer zigize thermoplastic resin kuruta thermoplastic resin mu gihe cya nyuma. Mbere yuko thermosetting resin ivurwa, ishobora gutunganywa mu buryo butandukanye, ariko iyo imaze kuvurwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bivura, ibitangizi cyangwa ubushyuhe, ntibishobora kongera kumera kuko imigozi ya chemical ikorwa mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, bigatuma molecule nto zihinduka polymeri zikomeye zifite imiterere itatu zifite uburemere bwinshi bwa molecule.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa resins za thermosetting, zikunze gukoreshwa ni resins za phenolic,resine za epoxy, ibirungo bya bis-horse, resins za vinyl, resins za phenolic, n'ibindi.
(1) Resine ya Phenolic ni resine ikoreshwa mu gihe cyo guhindura ubushyuhe mu ntangiriro ifite ubushobozi bwo gufata neza, irwanya ubushyuhe neza kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura amashanyarazi nyuma yo gushya, kandi imiterere yayo idasanzwe ni ubushobozi bwiza bwo kudakoresha umuriro, ubushyuhe buke busohoka, ubucucike buke bw'umwotsi, no gutwika. Imyuka isohoka ntabwo ihumanya cyane. Uburyo bwo kuyitunganya ni bwiza, kandi ibice byayo bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuyibumba, kuyizunguza, kuyishyiraho n'intoki, kuyitera, no kuyitera. Umubare munini w'ibikoresho bivanze bishingiye kuri resine ya phenolic bikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo gushariza imbere mu ndege za gisivili.
(2)Resin ya epoxyni matrix ya resin ya mbere ikoreshwa mu byuma by'indege. Irangwa n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho. Ibintu bitandukanye bifasha mu gukamura no kwihutisha bishobora kugira ubushyuhe bwo gukamura kuva ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba kugeza kuri 180 ℃; ifite imiterere yo hejuru ya mekanike; Ubwoko bwiza bwo guhuza fibre; kurwanya ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe; gukomera cyane; gukora neza cyane (gutwikirwa neza, ubushyuhe buringaniye bwa resin, ubushyuhe bwiza, umuvuduko w'umuvuduko, nibindi); ikwiriye mu gukamura ibice binini muri rusange; ihendutse. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukamura no gukomera gukomeye kwa epoxy resin bituma igira umwanya ukomeye muri matrix ya resin y'ibikoresho bigezweho.
(3)Resin ya vinylIzwi nka imwe mu maresini meza cyane arwanya ingese. Ishobora kwihanganira aside nyinshi, alkali, umunyu n'ibikoresho bikomeye byo gushonga. Ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora impapuro, inganda zikora imiti, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, peteroli, kubika no gutwara, kurengera ibidukikije, amato, inganda z'amatara y'imodoka. Ifite imiterere ya polyester idafite ingese na epoxy resin, ku buryo ifite imiterere myiza ya epoxy resin ndetse n'imikorere myiza ya polyester idafite ingese. Uretse kuba irwanya ingese cyane, ubu bwoko bwa resin bufite kandi ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza. Irimo ubwoko busanzwe, ubwoko bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubwoko bugabanya umuriro, ubwoko bwo kurwanya ingaruka n'ubundi bwoko. Ikoreshwa rya resin ya vinyl muri pulasitiki ishyigikiwe na fibre (FRP) rishingiye cyane cyane ku buryo ikoreshwa mu ntoki, cyane cyane mu kurwanya ingese. Mu iterambere rya SMC, ikoreshwa ryayo muri uru rwego naryo riragaragara cyane.
(4) Resine ya bismaleimide yahinduwe (izwi nka resine ya bismaleimide) yakozwe kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa by'indege nshya z'intambara kuri matrix ya resine ivanze. Ibi bisabwa birimo: ibice binini n'imiterere igoye kuri 130 ℃ Gukora ibice, nibindi. Ugereranyije na resine ya epoxy, resine ya Shuangma irangwa ahanini n'ubushuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe bukabije hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukora; ikibi ni uko ubushobozi bwo gukora butari bwiza nka resine ya epoxy, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gucukura buri hejuru (gucukura hejuru ya 185 ℃), kandi bisaba ubushyuhe bwa 200 ℃. Cyangwa igihe kirekire ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 200 ℃.
(5) Sinide (qing diacoustic) ester resin ifite dielectric constant nke (2.8 ~ 3.2) kandi ifite dielectric tangent nto cyane (0.002 ~ 0.008), ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo guhindura ikirahure (240 ~ 290℃), igabanuka ridakabije, ifata ubushuhe buke, imiterere myiza ya mekanike n'imiterere yo gufatanya, nibindi, kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya nk'irya epoxy resin.
Muri iki gihe, resine za cyanate zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bintu bitatu: urubuga rwacapwe rw’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi byihuse cyane kandi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bitanga umuraba mwinshi n’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu kirere.
Mu magambo make, epoxy resin, imikorere ya epoxy resin ntabwo ifitanye isano gusa n'imiterere y'imikorere, ahubwo ahanini iterwa n'imiterere ya molekile. Itsinda rya glycidyl muri epoxy resin ni igice cyoroshye, gishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa resin no kunoza imikorere, ariko icyarimwe kikagabanya ubushyuhe bwa resin yakuweho. Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kunoza imiterere y'ubushyuhe n'imikorere ya epoxy resin ni uburemere buke bwa molekile no gukora byinshi kugira ngo wongere ubucucike bwa crosslink no gushyiramo imiterere ikomeye. Birumvikana ko gushyiramo imiterere ikomeye bituma habaho kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe no kwiyongera kwa viscosity, bigatuma imikorere ya epoxy resin igabanuka. Uburyo bwo kunoza ubushyuhe bwa epoxy resin ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Ukurikije resin na agent ivura, amatsinda akora neza, niko ubucucike bwa crosslink buba bwinshi. Uko Tg iba nyinshi. Imikorere yihariye: Koresha epoxy resin cyangwa agent ivura, koresha epoxy resin ifite purity nyinshi. Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane ni ukongeramo igice runaka cya o-methyl acetaldehyde epoxy resin muri sisitemu ivura, ifite ingaruka nziza kandi ihendutse. Uko uburemere bw’imyunyu ngugu bungana, niko uburemere bw’imyunyu ngugu bugabanuka, kandi Tg ikaba nyinshi. Imikorere yihariye: Koresha resin ya epoxy cyangwa igikoresho gikingira cyangwa ubundi buryo bufite uburyo bumwe bwo gukwirakwiza uburemere bw’imyunyu ngugu.
Nk'umubumbe wa resin ukoreshwa cyane nk'umubumbe uhuza ibintu byinshi, imiterere yawo itandukanye, nko gushobora gutegurwa, imiterere ya thermofiziki n'imiterere ya mekanike, igomba kuzuza ibisabwa mu bikorwa bifatika. Uburyo bwo gukora resin matrix burimo gushonga mu bintu bishongesha, ubushyuhe bushonga (amazi) n'impinduka mu bushyuhe, n'impinduka z'igihe cya gel bitewe n'ubushyuhe (uburyo bwo gukora). Imiterere ya resin hamwe n'uburyo ubushyuhe bwo gukora bigena uburyo chemical reaction kinetics ikora (igipimo cyo kuvura), imiterere ya rheological ya chemical (ubushyuhe-ubushyuhe ugereranyije n'igihe), na thermodynamics ya reaction ya chemical (exothermic). Imiterere itandukanye ifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kuri resin viscosity. Muri rusange, ku bijyanye no guzunguruka, ubushyuhe bwa resin muri rusange buri hafi ya 500cPs; ku bijyanye no gusohora, ubushyuhe bwa resin buri hafi ya 800 ~ 1200cPs; ku bijyanye no gutangiza vacuum, ubushyuhe bwa resin muri rusange buri hafi ya 300cPs, kandi uburyo bwa RTM bushobora kuba buri hejuru, ariko Muri rusange, ntabwo buzarenga 800cPs; Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gutegura, ubushyuhe bugomba kuba buri hejuru, muri rusange buri hagati ya 30000 ~ 50000cPs. Birumvikana ko ibi bisabwa kuri ubushyuhe bifitanye isano n'imiterere y'uburyo, ibikoresho n'ibikoresho ubwabyo, kandi ntabwo ari ibintu bihindagurika. Muri rusange, uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, ubushyuhe bwa resin bugabanuka mu bushyuhe buri hasi; icyakora, uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, uburyo resin ikora nabwo bukomeza, mu buryo bwa kinetiki, ubushyuhe. Igipimo cy'uburyo resin ikora kikuba kabiri kuri buri 10℃ yiyongere, kandi iyi gereranya iracyari ingirakamaro mu kugereranya igihe ubushyuhe bwa sisitemu ya resin ikora bwiyongera kugera ku rugero runaka rw'ubushyuhe. Urugero, bifata iminota 50 kuri sisitemu ya resin ifite ubushyuhe bwa 200cPs kuri 100℃ kugira ngo yongere ubushyuhe bwayo bugere kuri 1000cPs, hanyuma igihe gisabwa kuri sisitemu imwe ya resin kongera ubushyuhe bwayo bwa mbere kuva kuri munsi ya 200cPs kugeza kuri 1000cPs kuri 110℃ ni hafi iminota 25. Guhitamo ibipimo by'uburyo resin ikora bigomba gusuzuma byimazeyo ubushyuhe n'igihe cya gel. Urugero, mu gikorwa cyo gushyiramo umwuka mu cyuma gishyushye, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe bukoreshwa buri mu rugero rw’ubushyuhe busabwa n’igikorwa, kandi igihe cy’inkono y’umusemburo kuri ubu bushyuhe kigomba kuba kirekire bihagije kugira ngo umusemburo ushobore kwinjizwa mu mahanga. Muri make, guhitamo ubwoko bwa musemburo mu gikorwa cyo guteramo umusemburo bigomba kuzirikana aho gel iherereye, igihe cyo kuzuza n’ubushyuhe bw’ibikoresho. Izindi nzira zigira ikibazo nk’icyo.
Mu gikorwa cyo gushushanya, ingano n'imiterere y'igice (ibumba), ubwoko bw'imbaraga, hamwe n'ibipimo by'imikorere bigena igipimo cyo kohereza ubushyuhe n'uburyo bwo kohereza ubwinshi bw'ibintu. Resin ivura ubushyuhe bwa exothermic, buterwa no gukora imigozi ya chemical. Uko imigozi myinshi ya chemical ikorwa kuri buri gice cy'ingano kuri buri gice cy'igihe, niko ingufu nyinshi zirekurwa. Ibipimo byo kohereza ubushyuhe bya resin na polymeri zazo muri rusange biba biri hasi cyane. Igipimo cyo gukuraho ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gupima ubushyuhe ntigishobora gukwirana n'igipimo cyo gutanga ubushyuhe. Ubu bushyuhe bwiyongera butuma ibikorwa bya chemical bigenda ku muvuduko wihuta, bigatuma habaho byinshi. Iki gikorwa cyo kwihutisha ubwacyo kizatera kunanirwa guhangayika cyangwa kwangirika kw'igice. Ibi bigaragara cyane mu gukora ibice binini bigizwe n'ibice byinshi, kandi ni ingenzi cyane kunoza inzira yo gupima. Ikibazo cyo "kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe" mu gace gatuwe giterwa n'igipimo kinini cya exothermic cyo gupima prepreg, n'itandukaniro riri hagati y'idirishya ry'imikorere rusange n'idirishya ry'imikorere yo mu gace gatuwe byose biterwa n'uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo gupima. "Ubushyuhe bungana" mu gice (cyane cyane mu cyerekezo cy'ubugari bw'igice), kugira ngo habeho "ubushyuhe bungana" biterwa n'uburyo bumwe (cyangwa ikoreshwa) rya "tekiniki zimwe na zimwe" muri "sisitemu yo gukora". Ku bice bito, kubera ko ubushyuhe bwinshi buzajugunywa mu bidukikije, ubushyuhe buzamuka buhoro buhoro, kandi rimwe na rimwe igice ntikizaba cyakize neza. Muri iki gihe, ubushyuhe bw'inyongera bugomba gushyirwaho kugira ngo urangize uburyo bwo guhuza, ni ukuvuga ubushyuhe buhoraho.
Ikoranabuhanga rya OoA (Outof Autoclave) rikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bivanze rijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo gukora autoclave. Muri rusange, uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukora ibikoresho bivanze budakoresha ibikoresho bivanze bushobora kwitwa ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo gukora autoclave. Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo gukora ibintu bivanze mu kirere rikubiyemo ahanini ibi bikurikira: ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo gukora ibintu bivanze, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibintu bivanze, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibintu bivanze, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibintu bivanze mu buryo bwa microwave, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibintu bivanze mu buryo bwa electron, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibintu bivanze mu buryo bwa quantitative. Muri ubwo buryo, ikoranabuhanga rya OoA (Outof Autoclave) prepreg riri hafi y'uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora autoclave, kandi rifite ubwoko bwinshi bw'imisingi yo gushyiraho ibintu mu buryo bw'intoki no gushyiraho ibintu mu buryo bwikora, bityo rifatwa nk'igitambaro kidavanze gishobora gukorwa ku rugero runini. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora Autoclave. Impamvu y'ingenzi yo gukoresha autoclave ku bice bivanze bifite imikorere myiza ni ugutanga igitutu gihagije kuri prepreg, kirenze igitutu cy'umwuka wa gaze iyo ari yo yose mu gihe cyo gushonga, kugira ngo hirindwe ikorwa ry'imyenge, kandi iyi ni OoA prepreg Ingorane y'ibanze ikoranabuhanga rikeneye gucamo. Niba imiterere y'igice ishobora kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe umuvuduko wa vacuum n'imikorere yacyo ishobora kugera ku mikorere ya laminate yakuweho na autoclave ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gusuzuma ubwiza bwa OoA prepreg n'uburyo ikorwamo.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya OoA prepreg ryahereye ku iterambere rya resin. Hari ingingo eshatu z'ingenzi mu iterambere rya resin za OoA prepregs: imwe ni ukugenzura imiterere y'ibice byabumbwe, nko gukoresha resin zongerewemo reaction-cured kugira ngo bigabanye imihindagurikire mu buryo bwo gukangura; iya kabiri ni ukunoza imikorere ya resin zavuwe Kugira ngo ugere ku miterere ya resin ikorwa na autoclave, harimo imiterere y'ubushyuhe n'imiterere ya mekanike; iya gatatu ni ukureba ko prepreg ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, nko kwemeza ko resin ishobora gutembera munsi y'umuvuduko w'umwuka, kwemeza ko ifite ubuzima burambye kandi ikagira ubushyuhe buhagije mu cyumba, nibindi. Abakora ibikoresho fatizo bakora ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ibikoresho hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu miterere n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya. Amabwiriza y'ingenzi agomba kuba akubiyemo: kunoza imiterere ya mekanike, kongera igihe cyo hanze, kugabanya ubushyuhe, no kunoza ubushuhe n'ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe. Bimwe muri ibyo bipimo biravuguruzanya, nko gukomera cyane no gukangura ubushyuhe buke. Ugomba gushaka aho uburinganire bugarukira no kubitekerezaho mu buryo bwuzuye!
Uretse guteza imbere resin, uburyo bwo gukora prepreg bunateza imbere iterambere rya OoA prepreg. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje akamaro k'imiyoboro ya prepreg vacuum mu gukora laminates zero-porosity. Ubushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho bwagaragaje ko prepreg ziterwa muri semi-impregnated zishobora kunoza neza uburyo gaz inyuramo. OoA prepregs ziterwa muri semi-impregnated na resin, kandi fibres zumye zikoreshwa nk'imiyoboro ya gaz isohora umwuka. Imyuka n'ibintu bihindagurika mu gukurura igice bishobora gusohora umwuka binyuze mu miyoboro ku buryo porosity y'igice cya nyuma iba <1%.
Uburyo bwo gushyira mu gikapu cy’ibice bidafite icyuma gifunga ibintu (vacuum bag) ni uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bitari autoclave (OoA). Muri make, ni uburyo bwo gushushanya bufunga ibicuruzwa hagati y’ibumba n’ibumba ry’ibice bidafite icyuma gifunga ibintu, kandi bugashyira igitutu ku bicuruzwa binyuze mu gusohora ibice bidafite icyuma gifunga ibintu kugira ngo ibicuruzwa birusheho kuba bito kandi birusheho kuba byiza mu buryo bwa mekanike. Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gukora ni
Ubwa mbere, ikintu cyo kurekura cyangwa igitambaro cyo kurekura gishyirwa ku ibumba rya layup (cyangwa urupapuro rw'ikirahure). Prepreg igenzurwa hakurikijwe ibipimo bya prepreg ikoreshwa, cyane cyane harimo ubucucike bw'ubuso, ingano ya resin, ibintu bihindagurika n'andi makuru ya prepreg. Kata prepreg uko ingano ingana. Mu gihe ukata, witondere icyerekezo cy'imigozi. Muri rusange, gutandukana kw'icyerekezo cy'imigozi bisaba kuba munsi ya 1°. Shyira inomero kuri buri gice cyo gushyiramo ibintu hanyuma wandike inomero ya prepreg. Mu gihe ushyiraho ibice, ibice bigomba gushyirwaho hakurikijwe neza uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibintu busabwa ku rupapuro rwo gushyiramo ibintu, kandi filime ya PE cyangwa impapuro zo kurekura bigomba guhuzwa ku cyerekezo cy'imigozi, kandi utubumbe tw'umwuka tugomba gukurikiranwa ku cyerekezo cy'imigozi. Igikoresho cyo gukurura gikwirakwiza prepreg kikayikuramo uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo gikure umwuka hagati y'ibice. Mu gihe ushyiraho, rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa gushyiramo ibice bya prepreg, bigomba gushyirwaho ku cyerekezo cya fibre. Mu gikorwa cyo gushyiramo ibice, guhuza no kugabanya ibintu bigomba kugerwaho, kandi guhuza ibice bya buri cyiciro bigomba kuzunguruka. Muri rusange, icyuho cyo gushyiramo umwuka mu buryo bumwe ni gikurikira. 1mm; prepreg iboshye yemerewe gusa guhurirana, ntabwo ihuza, kandi ubugari bwo gushyiramo umwuka ni 10 ~ 15mm. Hanyuma, witondere gufungana kw'umwuka mu buryo bwa vacuum, kandi ubunini bw'umwuka ukoreshwa mbere yo gusohora umwuka buratandukana bitewe n'ibisabwa bitandukanye. Intego ni ugusohora umwuka ufatiwe mu gice cyo gushyiramo umwuka n'ibintu bihindagurika mu mwuka kugira ngo harebwe ubwiza bw'imbere bw'igice. Hanyuma hari gushyirwaho ibikoresho by'inyongera no gushyiramo umwuka mu buryo bwa vacuum. Gufunga no gufunga imifuka: Icya nyuma ni ukudashobora kuvamo umwuka. Icyitonderwa: Ahantu hakunze kuva umwuka ni ahantu hafunga umwuka.
Nanone dukoraurujya n'uruza rw'ibirahuri bya fiberglass,imitako ya fiberglass, urushundura rwa fiberglass, naurujya n'uruza rw'ibirahuri biboshye.
Twandikire:
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Email:marketing@frp-cqdj.com
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-23-2022
