Mu isi nini ya polimeri zikoze mu buryo bwa sintetike, ijambo "poliester" rikwira hose. Ariko, si ibikoresho bimwe ahubwo ni umuryango wa polimeri zifite imiterere itandukanye cyane. Ku bahanga mu by'ubwubatsi, abakora ibikoresho, abashushanya, n'abakunda gukora ibikoresho byabo, basobanukiwe itandukaniro riri hagatipolyester yuzuyenapolyester idafite ibintu byinshini ingenzi cyane. Ibi si ubumenyi bw'amasomo gusa; ni itandukaniro riri hagati y'icupa ry'amazi rikomeye, umubiri w'imodoka nziza, umwenda ugaragara, n'ubwato bukomeye.

Iyi mfashanyigisho yuzuye izasobanura neza ubwo bwoko bubiri bwa polymer. Tuzasesengura imiterere yabyo ya shimi, dusuzume imiterere yabyo, kandi tugaragaze uburyo bikunze gukoreshwa. Amaherezo, uzabasha kubitandukanya ufite icyizere kandi usobanukirwe ibikoresho bikwiranye n'ibyo ukeneye byihariye.

Muri make: Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi

Itandukaniro rimwe ry'ingenzi riri mu mugongo wazo wa molekile n'uburyo zivurwa (zigakomera zikaba imiterere ikomeye ya nyuma).

·Polyester idasembuye (UPE): Ifite imigozi ibiri ikora neza (C=C) mu mugongo wayo. Ubusanzwe ni resin y'amazi ikenera monomer ikora neza (nka styrene) n'umusemburo kugira ngo ihinduke ikora neza kandi ifatanye neza. Tekereza ku buryo ikora neza.Plasitiki Ikoresha Fiberglass Reinforced Plastiki (FRP).

·Polyester yuzuye: Idafite ubwo bufatanye bubiri bushoboka; urunigi rwayo "rwuzuyemo" atome za hydrogen. Ubusanzwe ni thermoplastic ikomeye irakoroha iyo ishyushye kandi igakomera iyo ikonje, bigatuma ishobora kongera gukoreshwa no guhindurwa. Tekereza amacupa ya PET cyangwaimigozi ya polyesterku myenda.

Kuba hari cyangwa ntaho biri muri izi mpapuro ebyiri za karuboni bigena ibintu byose kuva ku buryo bwo kuzitunganya kugeza ku miterere ya nyuma y’ibikoresho.

Injira cyane muri Polyester Idafite Ingufu (UPE)

Polyester idasembuyeni imikorere y’inganda zikora thermosetting. Ziremwa binyuze mu buryo bwa polycondensation hagati ya diaside (cyangwa anhydride zazo) na diol. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko igice cya diaside zikoreshwa ziba zitarazura, nka maleic anhydride cyangwa aside fumaric, binjiza imigozi ibiri ya karuboni-karuboni mu muyoboro wa polymer.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi bya UPE:

·Gushyiraho thermosetting:Iyo imaze gukizwa binyuze mu guhuza, iba umuyoboro wa 3D udashonga kandi ntushobora gushonga. Ntibishobora gushonga cyangwa ngo bihindurwe ukundi; ubushyuhe butuma ibintu bibora, ntabwo bishonga.

·Inzira yo gukira:Bisaba ibice bibiri by'ingenzi:

1. Monomer ikora nk'umusemburo wo kugabanya ubukana bwa resin, kandi ikirenzeho, ikora nk'umusemburo uhuza imigozi ibiri mu minyururu ya polyester mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya.
2. Igitera imbaraga/Itangiriro: Akenshi ni peroxide y’umwimerere (urugero: MEKP - Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide). Iki kintu kirabora kugira ngo kivemo radicals yigenga itangira reaction ihuza.

·Gukomeza ibikorwa:UPE resins ntizikunze gukoreshwa zonyine. Hafi ya buri gihe zikongerwamo ibikoresho nkafiberglass, fibre ya karubonicyangwa imyunyungugu yo gukora ibintu bivanze bifite igipimo cy’imbaraga ku buremere budasanzwe.

·Imitungo:Ingufu nziza cyane za mekanike, irwanya imiti n'ikirere neza (cyane cyane iyo irimo inyongeramusaruro), irahamye neza mu rugero, kandi irakomera cyane nyuma yo gushya. Ishobora gukorerwa ibikenewe byihariye nko koroha, kudakoresha umuriro, cyangwa kurwanya ingese nyinshi.

Imikoreshereze isanzwe ya UPE:

·Inganda zo mu mazi:Ingufu z'ubwato, amadirishya, n'ibindi bice.

·Ubwikorezi:Ibyuma by'imodoka, tagisi z'amakamyo, n'ibice bya RV.

·Ubwubatsi:Ibikoresho byo kubaka, amabati yo gusakara, ibikoresho by'isuku (ubwiherero, aho kwiyuhagirira), n'ibigega by'amazi.

·Imiyoboro n'ibigega:Ku nganda zitunganya imiti ikomoka ku binyabutabire bitewe no kudakira ingese.

·Ibicuruzwa by'abaguzi:

·Ibuye ry'ubukorano:Amakaramu ya quartz yakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki.

Injira cyane muri Polyester yuzuye

Polyester yuzuyeBikorwa bivuye ku buryo bwa polycondensation hagati ya diaside yuzuye (urugero, aside terephthalique cyangwa aside adipic) na diol yuzuye (urugero, ethylene glycol). Kubera ko nta migozi ibiri mu mugongo, imigozi iba iri ku murongo kandi ntishobora guhuzwa kimwe.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi bya Polyester yuzuye:

·Thermoplastic:Biroroshyarimwegushyushya no gukomera iyo bikonje.Iyi gahunda irashobora guhindurwa kandi yemerera gutunganya ibintu byoroshye nko gushushanya no gusohora inshinge, kandi ikanatuma habaho kongera gukoresha ibikoresho.

·Ntabwo bikenewe ko umuti wo hanze ukoreshwa:Ntibisaba catalyst cyangwa monomer ikora neza kugira ngo bikomere. Bikomera gusa binyuze mu gukonjesha bivuye mu gihe cyo gushonga.

·Amoko:Iki cyiciro kirimo pulasitiki nyinshi zizwi cyane mu buhanga:

PET (Polyethylene Tereftalate): Itsindaimberebikunze kugaragara cyaneubwoko, ikoreshwa mu gutunganya insinga no gupfunyika.

PBT (Polybutylene Terephthalate): Plastike ikomeye kandi ikomeye y'ubuhanga.

PC (Polycarbonate): Ikunze guhuzwa na polyester bitewe n'imiterere isa, nubwo shimi yayo itandukanye gato (ni polyester ya aside karubone).

·Imitungo:Ingufu nziza za mekanike, gukomera no kudakora neza, kudakora neza kwa shimi, no kudakora neza.Nanone kandi, bazwiho ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwirinda amashanyarazi.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha polyester yuzuye:

·Imyenda:Porogaramu imwe rukumbi.Fibre ya polyesterku myenda, tapi, n'imyenda.

·Gupakira:PET ni ibikoresho byo gukoramo amacupa y'ibinyobwa bidasembuye, ibikoresho byo gutekamo ibiryo, n'udupira two gupfunyikamo.

·Amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga:Ibihuza, swichi, n'aho bifungira bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwiza no kudashyuha (urugero, PBT).

·Imodoka:Ibikoresho nk'imigozi y'inzugi, amabampa, n'amatara yo mu mutwe.

·Ibicuruzwa by'abaguzi:

·Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi:Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ibipfunyika n'ibice byabyo.

Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya hagati y'abantu

Impamvu itandukaniro ari ingenzi ku nganda n'abaguzi

Guhitamo ubwoko butari bwo bwa polyester bishobora gutera kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa, ibiciro byiyongera, ndetse n'ibibazo by'umutekano.

Ku muhanga mu by'ubugeni:Niba ukeneye igice kinini, gikomeye, cyoroheje, kandi kidashyuha nk'ubwato, ugomba guhitamo thermosetting UPE composite. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gushyirwa mu ibumba no kuvurwa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba ni inyungu ikomeye ku bintu binini. Niba ukeneye miliyoni z'ibikoresho bisa, bifite ubuhanga bwo hejuru, bishobora kongera gukoreshwa nk'ibihuza amashanyarazi, thermoplastic nka PBT ni yo mahitamo asobanutse yo gukoresha injection molding nyinshi.

Ku mukozi ushinzwe gucunga ibidukikije:Uburyo bwo kongera gukoreshapolyester yuzuye(cyane cyane PET) ni akarusho gakomeye. Amacupa ya PET ashobora gukusanywa neza no kongera gukoreshwa mu macupa mashya cyangwa imigozi (rPET). UPE, nk'icyuma gishyushya, kizwiho kugora kongera gukoreshwa. Ibicuruzwa bya UPE birangira akenshi birangira mu myanda cyangwa bigomba gutwikwa, nubwo hari uburyo bwo gusya hakoreshejwe imashini (kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu byuzuza) n'uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha imiti.

·Ku muguzi:Iyo uguze ishati ya polyester, uba urimo gukorana n'umuntupolyester yuzuyeIyo winjiye mu cyumba cyo kwiyuhagiriramo cya fiberglass, uba ukora ku gicuruzwa cyakozwe muripolyester idafite ibintu byinshiGusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro bisobanuye impamvu icupa ryawe ry'amazi rishobora gushongeshwa no kongera gukoreshwa, mu gihe kayak yawe idashobora gushongeshwa.

Ahazaza ha Polyester: Udushya n'Uburambe

Iterambere ry'ibintu byuzuye n'ibikomeyepolyester idasembuyebikomeza ku muvuduko wihuse.

· Ibikoresho bishingiye ku buzima:Ubushakashatsi bwibanda ku gukora UPE na polyester yuzuye mu bintu bishobora kongera gukoreshwa nka glycol na aside bikomoka ku bimera kugira ngo bigabanye kwishingikiriza ku bikomoka ku mavuta.

·Ikoranabuhanga ryo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho:Kuri UPE, hari gushyirwa imbaraga nyinshi mu guteza imbere inzira zifatika zo kongera gukoresha imiti kugira ngo hagabanywe polimeri zifatanye mu buryo bushobora kongera gukoreshwa. Ku bijyanye na polyester yuzuye, iterambere mu kongera gukoresha ikoranabuhanga n'imiti ririmo kunoza imikorere n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bishobora kongera gukoreshwa.

·Ibikoresho bigezweho:Imiti ya UPE ihora ivugururwa kugira ngo irusheho kugabanya inkongi z'umuriro, irwanya imirasire ya UV, ndetse n'imiterere ya mekanike kugira ngo ihuze n'amahame akomeye y'inganda.

·Thermoplastics zikora neza cyane:Amanota mashya ya polyester yuzuye na co-polyester arimo gutegurwa afite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe, ubwumvikane, n'ubushobozi bwo kwirinda impanuka mu gupakira no gukoresha mu buhanga buhanitse.

Umwanzuro: Imiryango ibiri, Izina rimwe

Nubwo basangiye izina rimwe, polyester yuzuye n'idafite amavuta ni ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bikorera isi zitandukanye.Polyester idasembuye (UPE)ni intwari mu gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'ibintu bikomeye kandi birwanya ingese, bikaba inkingi y'inganda kuva ku mazi kugeza ku bwubatsi. Polyester yuzuye ni yo mwami w'ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gupakira no kudoda imyenda, ikundwa kubera gukomera kwayo, ubuziranenge, no kongera gukoreshwa.

Itandukaniro rituruka ku kintu cyoroshye cya shimi—umugozi wa karuboni kabiri—ariko ingaruka ku nganda, ikoreshwa, n'iherezo ry'ubuzima ni nini cyane. Mu gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro rikomeye, abakora ibintu bashobora guhitamo ibikoresho neza, kandi abaguzi bashobora gusobanukirwa neza isi y'urusobe rwa polimeri igena imibereho yacu ya none.

Twandikire:

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