amakuru

Muri rusange, uko twumva fibre y'ikirahure byagiye bihora ari ko ari ibikoresho bidafite imiterere y'ingirabuzimafatizo bitari ibyuma, ariko uko ubushakashatsi bugenda bwiyongera, tuzi ko mu by'ukuri hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'imipira y'ikirahure, kandi ifite imikorere myiza cyane, kandi hari ibyiza byinshi bitangaje. Urugero, imbaraga zayo za mashini ni nyinshi cyane, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya ingese nabyo ni byiza cyane. Ni ukuri ko nta gikoresho kitagira inenge, kandi fibre y'ikirahure nayo ifite inenge zayo idashobora kwirengagizwa, ni ukuvuga ko idapfa kwangirika kandi ikunda kwangirika. Kubwibyo, mu buryo bufatika, tugomba gukoresha imbaraga zacu no kwirinda intege nke zacu.

Ibikoresho fatizo bya fibre y'ikirahure biroroshye kubona, ahanini ibirahure bishaje cyangwa ibicuruzwa by'ikirahure byajugunywe. Fibre y'ikirahure ni nziza cyane, kandi imigozi irenga 20 y'ikirahure hamwe ingana n'ubunini bw'umusatsi. Fibre y'ikirahure ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bikomeza ibikoresho bivanze. Bitewe n'ubushakashatsi bwa fibre y'ikirahure mu myaka ya vuba aha, igira uruhare runini mu musaruro no mu buzima bwacu. Ingingo nke zikurikira zivuga cyane cyane inzira yo gukora n'ikoreshwa rya fibre y'ikirahure. Iyi nkuru iragaragaza imiterere, ibice by'ingenzi, imiterere y'ingenzi, n'uburyo fibre y'ikirahure ishyirwa mu byiciro. Ingingo nke zikurikira zizavuga ku buryo ikorwa, kurengera umutekano, ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi, kurengera umutekano, uko inganda zihagaze n'iterambere rihagaze birasobanurwa.

IIntangiriro

1.1 Imiterere ya fibre y'ikirahure

Ikindi kintu cyiza cyane cya fibre y'ikirahure ni imbaraga zayo zo gukurura cyane, zishobora kugera kuri 6.9g/d mu gihe gisanzwe na 5.8g/d mu gihe cy'ubutose. Imiterere myiza nk'iyi ituma fibre y'ikirahure ikunze gukoreshwa ku isi yose nk'ibikoresho bikomeza. Ifite ubucucike bwa A bwa 2.54. Fibre y'ikirahure nayo irinda ubushyuhe cyane, kandi igumana imiterere yayo isanzwe kuri 300°C. Fibreglass rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa cyane nk'ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe n'ubukonje, bitewe n'imiterere yayo ikingira ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi kandi idashobora kwangirika byoroshye.

1.2 Ibikoresho by'ingenzi

Imiterere ya fibre y'ikirahure iragoye cyane. Muri rusange, ibice by'ingenzi bizwi na buri wese ni silica, magnesium oxyde, sodium oxyde, boron oxyde, aluminiyumu oxyde, calcium oxide n'ibindi. Umurambararo wa monofilament ya fibre y'ikirahure ni mikoroni zigera kuri 10, bingana na 1/10 cy'umurambararo w'umusatsi. Buri gapfunyika k'imigozi kagizwe n'ibihumbi bya monofilaments. Uburyo bwo gushushanya buratandukanye gato. Ubusanzwe, ingano ya silica muri fibre y'ikirahure ingana na 50% kugeza kuri 65%. Ingufu zo gukurura imigozi y'ikirahure ifite aluminium oxyde irenga 20% ni nyinshi, akenshi imigozi y'ikirahure ikomeye cyane, mu gihe ingano ya aluminium oxyde mu migozi y'ikirahure idafite alkali muri rusange ni hafi 15%. Niba ushaka ko fibre y'ikirahure igira modulus nini ya elastic, ugomba kwemeza ko ingano ya magnesium oxyde irenze 10%. Kubera fibre y'ikirahure irimo ferric oxyde nke, ubudahangarwa bwayo bwarongerewe ku rugero rutandukanye.

1.3 Ibiranga by'ingenzi

1.3.1 Ibikoresho fatizo n'ikoreshwa ryabyo

Ugereranyije n'imigozi idashingiye ku bimera, imiterere y'imigozi y'ibirahure iraruta cyane. Biragoye kuyitwika, irinda ubushyuhe, irinda ubushyuhe, irakomera, kandi irinda gukururwa. Ariko iracika intege kandi ntishobora kwangirika neza. Ikoreshwa mu gukora pulasitiki ikomeye cyangwa ikoreshwa mu gukomeza rabha, kuko fibre y'ibirahure ifite ibi bikurikira:

(1) Ingufu zayo zo gukurura ni nziza kurusha izindi, ariko uburebure bwayo ni buke cyane.

(2) Igipimo cya elastic coefficient kirakwiriye cyane.

(3) Mu rugero rworoshye rwo gukurura, fibre y'ikirahure ishobora kumara igihe kirekire kandi irakomera cyane, bityo ikaba ishobora gufata ingufu nyinshi mu gihe ihuye n'ingaruka.

(4) Kubera ko fibre y'ikirahure ari fibre idakomoka ku bimera, fibre idakomoka ku bimera ifite ibyiza byinshi, ntibyoroshye kuyitwika kandi imiterere yayo ya shimi irahamye.

(5) Ntibyoroshye kwinjiza amazi.

(6) Irwanya ubushyuhe kandi irahamye, ntibyoroshye kuyirwanya.

(7) Uburyo bwo kuyitunganya ni bwiza cyane, kandi ishobora gutunganywamo ibintu byiza cyane mu buryo butandukanye nk'imigozi, amasafuriya, imipfunyika, n'imyenda iboshye.

(8) Ishobora kohereza urumuri.

(9) Kubera ko ibikoresho byoroshye kubibona, igiciro ntigihenze.

(10) Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru, aho gushya, ishonga ikamera nk'amasaro y'amazi.

1.4 Gushyira mu byiciro

Dukurikije amahame atandukanye yo gushyira mu byiciro, fibre y'ikirahure ishobora kugabanywamo amoko menshi. Dukurikije imiterere n'uburebure bitandukanye, ishobora kugabanywamo amoko atatu: fibre ikomeza, fibre ipamba n'inyuzi z'uburebure buhamye. Dukurikije ibice bitandukanye, nk'ingano ya alkali, ishobora kugabanywamo amoko atatu: fibre y'ikirahure idafite alkali, fibre y'ikirahure iciriritse, n'inyuzi y'ikirahure ifite alkali nyinshi.

1.5 Ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora

Mu nganda nyazo, kugira ngo dukore fibre y'ibirahure, dukeneye alumina, umucanga wa quartz, limestone, pyrophyllite, dolomite, soda ash, mirabilite, aside boric, fluorite, fibre y'ibirahure ishaje, n'ibindi.

1.6 Uburyo bwo gukora

Uburyo bwo gukora mu nganda bushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: kimwe ni ukubanza gushongesha imigozi y'ikirahure, hanyuma hagakorwa ibikoresho by'ikirahure bifite imiterere y'uruziga cyangwa inkoni bifite umurambararo muto. Hanyuma, birashyuha kandi bigashongeshwa mu buryo butandukanye kugira ngo hakorwe imigozi myiza ifite umurambararo wa μm 3-80. Ubundi bwoko nabwo bushongesha ikirahure mbere, ariko bugatanga imigozi y'ikirahure aho gukora imigozi cyangwa imirambo. Icyitegererezo cyakurikiwe binyuze mu isahani ya platine hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushushanya. Ibintu byavuyemo byitwa imigozi ikomeza. Niba imigozi ishushanyije binyuze mu buryo bwo gukurura, ibintu bivamo byitwa imigozi idakomeza, izwi kandi nka imigozi y'ikirahure ikata uburebure, na migozi isanzwe.

1.7 Amanota

Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye, imikoreshereze n'imiterere y'ibirahure, bigabanyijemo urwego rutandukanye. Ibirahure byagurishijwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga ni ibi bikurikira:

1.7.1 Ikirahuri cy'amashanyarazi

Ni ikirahuri cya borate, cyitwa kandi ikirahuri kitagira alkali mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Kubera ibyiza byacyo byinshi, ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane. Kuri ubu ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane, nubwo gikoreshwa cyane, ariko gifite n'intege nke zitazibagirana. Gikorana byoroshye n'imyunyu ngugu, bityo biragoye kugibika ahantu hari aside.

1.7.2 Ikirahuri cya C

Mu musaruro nyawo, yitwa kandi ikirahure cy’ibirayi kiringaniye, gifite imiterere ihamye ya shimi kandi kirwanya aside neza. Ingorane yacyo ni uko imbaraga za mashini zidakomeye kandi amashanyarazi akaba make. Ahantu hatandukanye hari ibipimo bitandukanye. Mu nganda z’ibirayi zo mu rugo, nta kintu cya boron kiba mu kirahure cy’ibirayi kiringaniye. Ariko mu nganda z’ibirayi zo mu mahanga, icyo bakora ni ikirahure cy’ibirayi kiringaniye kirimo boron. Si ibikubiye muri byo gusa bitandukanye, ahubwo n’uruhare rw’ibirayi biringaniye biri mu gihugu no mu mahanga narwo ruratandukanye. Imitako y’ibirayi n’imigozi y’ibirayi bikorerwa mu mahanga bikozwe mu kirahure cy’ibirayi kiringaniye. Mu musaruro, ikirahure cy’ibirayi kiringaniye nacyo gikora muri asphalt. Mu gihugu cyanjye, impamvu nyamukuru ni uko gikoreshwa cyane kubera igiciro cyacyo kiri hasi cyane, kandi gikorera hose mu nganda zipfunyika imyenda n’imyenda iyungurura.

Inkoni y'ikirahure cya Fiberglass

1.7.3 Ikirahure cya fibre A

Mu gukora, abantu bayita ikirahure gifite alkali nyinshi, kikaba kiri mu kirahure cya sodium silicate, ariko kubera ko kidapfa amazi, muri rusange ntigikorwa nk'umugozi w'ikirahure.

1.7.4 Ikirahuri cya Fiberglass D

Nanone yitwa ikirahure cya dielectric kandi muri rusange ni cyo gikoresho cy'ingenzi gikoreshwa mu gukora imigozi y'ikirahure cya dielectric.

1.7.5 Ikirahure gikomeye cyane gifite fibre y'ikirahure

Ingufu zayo ziruta 1/4 cy'umugozi wa E-glass, kandi modulus yayo yoroshye iruta ubwiza bwa E-glass. Bitewe n'ibyiza byayo bitandukanye, igomba gukoreshwa cyane, ariko kubera ihenze cyane, ubu ikoreshwa gusa mu nzego zimwe na zimwe z'ingenzi, nko mu nganda za gisirikare, mu by'indege n'ibindi.

1.7.5 Ikirahure cya fibre AR cy'ikirahure

Nanone yitwa fibre y'ikirahure irwanya alkali, ikaba ari fibre idakomoka ku bimera kandi ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bikomeza imbaraga muri sima y'ikirahure ikoresha fibre. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ishobora no gusimbura icyuma na asbesto.

1.7.6 Ikirahure cya E-CR cy'ikirahure cya fibre

Ni ikirahure cyiza kitagira boroni kandi kitagira alkali. Kubera ko kirwanya amazi inshuro hafi 10 ugereranyije n’ikirahure kitagira alkali, gikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibintu birwanya amazi. Byongeye kandi, kirwanya aside cyane, kandi gifite umwanya ukomeye mu gukora no gukoresha imiyoboro yo munsi y’ubutaka. Uretse imiyoboro isanzwe y’ibirahure yavuzwe haruguru, abahanga mu bya siyansi ubu bavumbuye ubwoko bushya bwa fibre y’ibirahure. Kubera ko ari ikintu kitagira boroni, gishimisha abantu mu kurengera ibidukikije. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hari ubundi bwoko bwa fibre y’ibirahure ikunzwe cyane, ari yo fibre y’ibirahure ifite ibigize ibirahure bibiri. Mu bicuruzwa by’ubwoya bw’ibirahure ubu, dushobora kubona ko ihari.

1.8 Kumenya imigozi y'ikirahure

Uburyo bwo gutandukanya imigozi y'ibirahure ni bworoshye cyane, ni ukuvuga gushyira imigozi y'ibirahure mu mazi, ushyushye kugeza amazi abira, hanyuma ubigumishe amasaha 6-7. Niba usanze icyerekezo cy'imigozi y'ibirahure kidakomeye, ni imigozi y'ibirahure ifite alkali nyinshi. Dukurikije amahame atandukanye, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gushyira imigozi y'ibirahure mu byiciro, muri rusange bigabanyijemo uburebure n'umurambararo, imiterere n'imikorere.

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