amakuru

Mu musaruro wacu, dukomezafibre y'ikirahureUburyo bwo gukora ni ubwoko bubiri bw'uburyo bwo gushushanya mu buryo bw'umuriro n'uburyo bwo gushushanya mu itanura ryo mu kidendezi. Kuri ubu, uburyo bwinshi bwo gushushanya insinga zo mu kidendezi bukoreshwa ku isoko. Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri ubu buryo bubiri bwo gushushanya.

1. Uburyo bwo gushushanya uburebure bwa Crucible

Uburyo bwo gushushanya insinga z'amazi ni ubwoko bw'uburyo bwo gushushanya bwa kabiri, bugamije cyane cyane gushyushya ibikoresho fatizo by'ikirahure kugeza bishongeshejwe, hanyuma bigakorwamo amazi yashongeshejwe akamera nk'uruziga. Udupira tuvamo twongera gushonga tugakururwa mu duce duto. Ariko, ubu buryo bufite n'intege nke zidashobora kwirengagizwa, nko gukoresha byinshi mu musaruro, ibicuruzwa bidahindagurika, n'umusaruro muke. Impamvu si uko ubushobozi bw'insinga z'amazi ari buto, uburyo bwo gushushanya ntibugoye, ahubwo bufite isano ikomeye n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura inyuma ry'uburyo bwo gukora. Kubwibyo, kuri ubu, ibicuruzwa bigenzurwa n'uburyo bwo gushushanya insinga z'amazi, ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura rifite ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw'umusaruro.

Imbonerahamwe y'imigendekere y'imiyoboro y'ibirahure

Muri rusange, ibintu bigenzura icyuma gikoreshwa mu gucukura ibyuma bigabanyijemo ibice bitatu: kugenzura amashanyarazi, kugenzura plaque isohoka n'igenzura ryo kongeramo umupira. Mu kugenzura amashanyarazi, abantu muri rusange bakoresha ibikoresho bihoraho by'amashanyarazi, ariko bamwe bakoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi ahoraho, byombi byemewe. Mu kugenzura plaque isohoka, abantu bakoresha uburyo buhoraho bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe mu buzima bwa buri munsi no mu musaruro, ariko hari n'abakoresha uburyo buhoraho bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe. Ku kugenzura umupira, abantu bakunda kugenzura umupira mu buryo buhoraho. Mu musaruro w'abantu wa buri munsi, ubu buryo butatu burahagije, ariko kuriubudodo bw'ikirahure bukozwe mu migozi Hamwe n'ibisabwa byihariye, ubu buryo bwo kugenzura buracyafite inenge zimwe na zimwe, nko kugenzura neza umuvuduko w'amazi mu gice cy'amazi n'amashanyarazi bigoranye kubyumva, Ubushyuhe bw'ikigega buhinduka cyane, kandi ubucucike bw'ubudodo bukorwa buhinduka cyane. Cyangwa bimwe mu bikoresho byo gukoresha mu murima ntibihuye neza n'uburyo bwo gukora, kandi nta buryo bwo kugenzura bugamije hashingiwe ku miterere y'uburyo bwo gucukura. Cyangwa bushobora kwangirika kandi ubuziranenge ntibube bwiza cyane. Ingero zavuzwe haruguru zigaragaza ko hakenewe kugenzura neza, ubushakashatsi bwitondewe, n'imbaraga zo kunoza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa bya fibre y'ibirahure mu musaruro no mu buzima.

1.1. Isano nyamukuru ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura

1.1.1. Kugenzura amashanyarazi

Mbere na mbere, ni ngombwa kwemeza neza ko ubushyuhe bw'amazi yinjira mu isahani isohoka buguma buri kimwe kandi buhamye, no kwemeza imiterere ikwiye kandi ikwiye y'icyuma gishyushya amazi, imiterere y'amashanyarazi, n'aho umupira uherereye n'uburyo bwo kongeramo. Kubwibyo, mu kugenzura amashanyarazi, ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukugenzura ko sisitemu yo kugenzura ihamye. Sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi ikoresha icyuma gicunga umuriro cy'ubwenge, icyuma gicunga umuriro n'icyuma gicunga amashanyarazi, nibindi. Dukurikije uko ibintu bimeze, igikoresho gifite imibare 4 ikora neza gikoreshwa mu kugabanya ikiguzi, naho icyuma gicunga umuriro gikoresha icyuma gicunga umuriro gifite agaciro kacyo kigenga. Mu gukora nyako, hakurikijwe ingaruka, mu gukoresha ubu buryo mu kugenzura amashanyarazi ahoraho, hashingiwe ku miterere y'imikorere ikuze kandi ikwiye, ubushyuhe bw'amazi yinjira mu kigega cy'amazi bushobora kugenzurwa muri dogere selisiyusi ± 2, bityo ubushakashatsi bwasanze bushobora kugenzurwa. Gifite imikorere myiza kandi kiri hafi y'uburyo bwo gukurura insinga z'itanura rya pisine.

1.1.2. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibyuma bidafite aho bibomba

Kugira ngo harebwe neza ko plaque isohoka igenzura neza, ibikoresho bikoreshwa byose ni ubushyuhe buhoraho n'umuvuduko uhoraho kandi bihamye. Kugira ngo imbaraga zisohoka zigere ku gaciro gakenewe, hakoreshwa icyuma gipima imikorere myiza, gisimbura thyristor trigger loop isanzwe ihinduka; kugira ngo harebwe neza ko ubushyuhe bw'plaque isohoka ari bwinshi kandi ko uburebure bw'ingufu zihindagurika ari buto, hakoreshwa icyuma gipima ubushyuhe cya biti 5 gifite ubuziranenge buhanitse. Gukoresha transformer ya RMS yigenga ifite ubuziranenge buhanitse bituma ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi kidahinduka ndetse no mu gihe cyo kugenzura ubushyuhe buhoraho, kandi sisitemu ifite imiterere ihamye.

1.1.3 Gucunga umupira

Mu musaruro uriho ubu, kugenzura umupira uhoraho mu gushushanya insinga z'amashanyarazi ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe mu musaruro usanzwe. Igenzura ryo kongeramo umupira rihoraho rizagabanya ubushyuhe muri sisitemu, bigatuma ubushyuhe muri sisitemu busubiramo kandi bugasubirwamo kenshi, bigatuma ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe muri sisitemu rirushaho kuba rinini kandi ubushyuhe bugakomeza kugorana kugenzura. Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gukemura no kunoza ikibazo cyo gushyushya inshuro nke, kuba gusharija igihe cyose ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi mu kunoza no kunoza ubuziranenge bw'isitemu. Kubera ko niba uburyo bwo kugenzura amazi yo mu itanura buhenze cyane kandi budashobora gukundwa mu musaruro wa buri munsi no mu buzima, abantu bakoze imbaraga nyinshi zo guhanga udushya no gushyiraho uburyo bushya. Uburyo bw'umupira buhinduka bugahinduka umupira uhoraho utari umwe. , ushobora gutsinda inenge za sisitemu ya mbere. Mu gihe cyo gushushanya insinga, kugira ngo ugabanye ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe mu itanura, imiterere y'aho icyuma gikorera n'amazi irahinduka kugira ngo hakosorwe umuvuduko wo kongeramo umupira. Binyuze mu kurinda imbunda y'umusaruro, inzira yo kongeramo umupira yizewe ko ari umutekano kandi yizewe. Guhindura neza kandi bikwiye umuvuduko wo hejuru no hasi bishobora gutuma ihindagurika ry'amazi riguma rito. Binyuze muri izi mpinduka, byemezwa ko sisitemu ishobora gutuma umubare w'ubudodo bwinshi uhinduka mu rugero ruto munsi y'uburyo bwo kugenzura bwa voltage ihoraho n'umuriro uhoraho.

2. Uburyo bwo gushushanya insinga z'itanura ry'ibigega

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gushushanya insinga z'itanura ryo mu kidendezi ni pyrophyllite. Mu itanura, pyrophyllite n'ibindi bikoresho birashyuha kugeza bishongeshejwe. Pyrophyllite n'ibindi bikoresho fatizo birashyuha bigashongeshwa mu kirahuri kiri mu itanura, hanyuma bigakururwa mu hariri. Fibre y'ikirahure ikorwa n'iyi nzira imaze kuba irenga 90% by'umusaruro wose ku isi.

2.1 Uburyo bwo gushushanya insinga z'itanura ry'ibigega

Uburyo bwo gukurura insinga mu itanura ry’ibiyaga ni uko ibikoresho fatizo byinshi byinjira mu ruganda, hanyuma bikaba ibikoresho fatizo byujuje ibisabwa binyuze mu buryo butandukanye nko gusya, gusya, no gupima, hanyuma bigatwarwa mu busilo bunini, bigapimwa mu busilo bunini, hanyuma bikavanga ibikoresho neza, nyuma yo kujyanwa mu busilo bw’ibumba, hanyuma ibikoresho bya batch bigashyirwa mu itanura rishongesha ibikoresho n’icyuma gishongesha ibikoresho kugira ngo bishongeshwe kandi bikorerwemo ikirahuri gishongeshejwe. Nyuma y’uko ikirahuri gishongeshejwe gishongeshejwe gisohoka mu itanura rishongesha ibikoresho, gihita cyinjira mu nzira nyamukuru (cyane yitwa clarific na homogenization cyangwa inzira yo guhindura) kugira ngo gisobanuke neza kandi gihuze, hanyuma kikanyura mu nzira y’impinduka (cyane yitwa inzira yo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho) n’inzira ikora (Izwi kandi nk’umuyoboro wo gukora), kinyura mu mwobo, hanyuma kigasohoka mu mirongo myinshi y’uduti twa platine dufite imyenge kugira ngo gihinduke imigozi. Amaherezo, gikonjeshwa n’icyuma gikonjesha, gitwikiriwe n’icyuma gitanga amavuta, hanyuma kigakururwa n’imashini ikora insinga kugira ngo gikoreurujya n'uruza rw'ibirahuri bya fiberglassbobine.

3. Imbonerahamwe y'imigendekere y'ibikorwa

4. Ibikoresho byo gutunganya

4.1 Gutegura ifu yujuje ibisabwa

Ibikoresho by’ibanze byinjira mu ruganda bigomba gushwanyaguzwa, gusya no gupimwa mu ifu ikwiye. Ibikoresho by’ingenzi: imashini isya, imashini ipima.

4.2 Gutegura itsinda

Umuyoboro w’ibikoresho byo gukusanya ugizwe n’ibice bitatu: sisitemu yo kohereza no kugaburira hakoreshejwe umwuka, sisitemu yo gupima ikoranabuhanga n’isitemu yo kohereza hakoreshejwe umwuka. Ibikoresho by’ingenzi: Sisitemu yo kohereza no kugaburira hakoreshejwe umwuka hamwe n’isitemu yo kohereza no gukusanya ibikoresho.

4.3 Gushonga kw'ibirahuri

Uburyo bwitwa gushonga kw'ibirahuri ni uguhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye kugira ngo bikore amazi y'ibirahuri binyuze mu gushyushya ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ariko amazi y'ibirahuri avugwa hano agomba kuba amwe kandi ahamye. Mu gukora, gushonga kw'ibirahuri ni ingenzi cyane, kandi bifitanye isano ya hafi n'umusaruro, ubwiza, ikiguzi, umusaruro, ikoreshwa rya lisansi, n'igihe ibicuruzwa birangiye bimara. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi: ibikoresho by'itanura n'itanura, sisitemu yo gushyushya amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gutwika, umufana wo gukonjesha itanura, sensor y'umuvuduko, nibindi.

4.4 Gukora fibre

Gutunganya fibre ni inzira aho amazi y'ikirahure akorwamo imigozi y'ikirahure. Amazi y'ikirahure yinjira mu isahani isohokamo imyenge ikavamo. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi: icyumba cyo gukora fibre, imashini ishushanya fibre y'ikirahure, itanura ry'umurindi, icyuma gitanga ubudodo, igikoresho cyo gutwaramo fibre kinyaruka, imashini izunguza, uburyo bwo gupakira, nibindi.

4.5 Gutegura ingano y'ibipimo

Ingano itegurwa hakoreshejwe epoxy emulsion, polyurethane emulsion, amavuta yo kwisiga, antistatic agent n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye byo guhuza nk'ibikoresho fatizo no kongeramo amazi. Uburyo bwo gutegura bugomba gushyushywa n'umwuka wo mu ijosi, kandi amazi yakuwemo iayoni muri rusange yemerwa nk'amazi yo gutegura. Ingano itegurwa yinjira mu kigega cy'amazi binyuze mu nzira y'urwego ku rundi. Inshingano nyamukuru y'ikigega cy'amazi ni ukuzenguruka, bishobora gutuma ingano isubiramo kandi ikongera gukoreshwa, kubika ibikoresho no kurengera ibidukikije. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi: Sisitemu yo gusohora ibikoresho byo mu mazi.

5. Fibre y'ikirahureuburinzi bw'umutekano

Ivumbi ritagira umwuka: ahanini ni ubushyuhe bw'imashini zikora, harimo ubushyuhe muri rusange n'ubushyuhe bw'igice cy'umwuka.

Gukuraho ivumbi no guhumeka: Ubwa mbere, hagomba gutoranywa ahantu hafunguye, hanyuma hagashyirwaho igikoresho cyo gukuramo umwuka n'ivumbi aho hantu kugira ngo hasohoke ivumbi.

Gukoresha amazi: Icyo bita gukoresha amazi ni uguhatira ivumbi kuba ahantu hatose, dushobora kuvomesha ibikoresho mbere y'igihe, cyangwa kumisha amazi ahantu ho gukorera. Ubu buryo bwose ni ingirakamaro mu kugabanya ivumbi.

Kwirinda: Gukuraho ivumbi ku bidukikije byo hanze ni ingenzi cyane, ariko kwirinda kwawe ntigukwiye kwirengagizwa. Mu gihe ukora, ambara imyenda yo kwirinda n'udupfukamunwa tw'umukungugu uko bikenewe. Iyo ivumbi rimaze kugera ku ruhu, hita woza n'amazi. Iyo ivumbi rigeze mu maso, hagomba gukorwa ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, hanyuma uhite ujya kwa muganga kuvurwa. , kandi witondere ko utahumeka ivumbi.

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